Semi-desidratação congelamento e semi-desidratação secagem de cebola (Allium cepa L.)

AUTOR(ES)

Alessandra Faria Baroni

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

1997

RESUMO

The present work investigated the osmotic dehydration of onion slices in salt solutions as a pre-treatment to freezing and drying. The effects of salt solution concentration and osmotic bath temperature on the kinetics of the process were evaluated. Mass transfer coefficients, obtained by fitting of a first order reaction kinetic equation were obtained and analyzed. Using a solution of Fick s law of diffusion, water and salt effective diffusion coefficients were obtained and related to process variables. Results showed that for the processing employed in the present study, a reduction up to 12% in the sample initial moisture could be obtained. It is also observed that the salt solution concentration showed a more significantly effect on the process where compared to the bath temperature. U sing mass transfer analysis was observed that higher temperatures and solution concentrations resulted in increases in both water removal and solute penetration. The effective diffusion coefficients obtained were similar to those found in literature. Two osmotic dehydration conditions were chosen in the freezing and drying tests: bath solution concentrations of 10% and 15% (w/w) NaCl (1h, 22°C). Using differential scanning calorimetry, the melting heat, initial melting point, melting peak, unftozen water and apparent specific heat could be obtained. Thawing tests were performed to evaluate the weight loss after the process. It was observed a reduction of up to 24% of energy consumption to freeze water in the pre-treated samples, as well as low values of apparent specific heat. Soaking the samples prior to freezing gave a better quality after thawing. The thin-layer drying kinetic at three temperatures (40, 50 and 60°C) were determined. Moisture diffusion coefficients were obtained by fitting of experimental data to a solution of Fick s law of diffusion. The effects of temperature on drying were evaluated using Arrhenius equation. The results showed that soaking onion slices in 10% NaCl solution prior to drying increases the drying rate and improves the general appearance of final product.

ASSUNTO(S)

alimentos - desidratação cebola alimentos congelados secagem

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