Schistosomal granuloma as a system adaptive complex. Application of fractal dimension in characterization of their geometric properties. / Granuloma esquistossomótico como um sistema adaptativo complexo. Aplicação da dimensão fractal na caracterização de suas propriedades geométricas.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Schistosomal granuloma AS A COMPLEX ADAPTIVE SYSTEM: APPLICATION OF FRACTAL DIMENSION IN THE CHARACTERIZATION OF PROPERTIES GEOMETRIC. Waldemiro de Souza Romagna. [Introduction]. The schistosomal granuloma is a compact, organized collection of migrating cells, which along with cells of the affected organ, arrange themselves in the midst of extracellular matrix components of a heterogeneous, forming a structure organoid that surrounds each egg individually. The schistosomal granuloma is the best example exists in the literature on granulomatous reaction caused by extracellular agent (Lenzi et al. 1991). The miracidium, larval form that is inside the egg, has a half life around 21 days (Silver, 1957). Therefore, the schistosomal granuloma is a dynamic structure that begins, middle and end, characterized morphologically stages of maturation and involution. Granuloma schistosomal meets the following characteristics of complex systems: a) dynamic b) reconstruction and irreversibility; c) homeostasis and d) self-organization towards autopoiesis (Lenzi &Romagna, 2003). Based on the proposal of Holland (1995) for complex systems adaptive (SAC), granuloma displays the four properties (aggregation, nonlinearity, creep and diversity) and the three mechanisms [(labeling ("tagging"), internal models (implicit and explicit) and building blocks or mount] common to all SACs (Lenzi et al.2004). [PURPOSE AND METHODOLOGY] Aiming to test experimentally some of these characteristics, we use livers of mice infected Swiss Webster and obtained sequentially at different times (15, 20, 30-40, 50, 70, 80 and 100 days of infection) and some quantitative parameters measured and quality, especially in exudative-productive granulomas initial and mature. The main parameters were: 1) fractal dimension and topology collagen, 2) area of the granuloma, and 3) total number cell granuloma, 4) internal regulation and autopoietic component and 5) closure granuloma. The fractal dimension was calculated on the edge of the cutis or granulomas from the exponent Hurst. Analyses were made from sections of liver stained with Feulgen to the cell nucleus and read in confocal microscopy. [RESULTS] The edge of the granulomas showed collagen great irregularity characteristic of biological structures with fractal behavior. Averages the fractal dimensions of the edges were equal to 1.70 and 1.58 for exudative-productive granulomas initial exudative-productive and mature, respectively. Its topology collagen originated bidirectional from units of growth (pre-fractal) internally and externally. The areas of granulomas were obtained using the program "Image Pro Plus version 4.5.1.29 (Media Cybernetics) from digitized images of granulomas stained with Feulgen. The number of cells was quantified after digestion by collagenase-I isolates from 120 granulomas per animal. The results generated time series sigmoid statistically correlated. The standard sigmoid curves confirmed the occurrence of granulomatous modulation during infection due to decrease both the area as the total number of cells of granulomas. However, despite the changes made, granuloma always maintained its organization. The results also showed granulomas that are regulated internally by an intricate network of stimuli neuroimunoendócrions, orchestrated by molecules of leptin, leptin receptor (Ob-R) substance P and vaso intestinal peptide. The granulomas can reach a cell population 40 000 cells to produce autopoietic component evidenced by internal proliferation (Ki-67 + cells) and the expression of c-Kit cell colony stimulating factor granulocyte (G- CSF-R) and erythropoietin receptor (Epo-R). The cells of the granulomas are intimately connected by pan-cadherins, occludin and connexin-43, building a state of closure of the granuloma (Granuloma closing). [Conclusion] The granuloma presents two types of inter-relationships: inter- branched or fractal relationships and interrelationships circular or closing. The former are open and more conducive to exchanges with the outside of the granuloma and are located in the area peripheral. The interrelationships circular or closing are prevalent in central and paracentral granuloma and are most relevant in the definition of self-organization of the granuloma.

ASSUNTO(S)

schistosoma mansoni/cytology parasitologia schistosoma mansoni/citologia granuloma/cytology granuloma/citologia fractais fractals

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