Roles of TUP1 in Switching, Phase Maintenance, and Phase-Specific Gene Expression in Candida albicans

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American Society for Microbiology

RESUMO

Candida albicans strain WO-1 switches spontaneously and reversibly between a “white” and “opaque” phenotype that affects colony morphology, cellular phenotype, and expression of a number of phase-specific genes and virulence traits. To assess the role of the transcription regulator Tup1p in this phenotypic transition, both TUP1 alleles were deleted in the mutant Δtup1. Δtup1 formed “fuzzy large” colonies made up of cells growing exclusively in the filamentous form. Δtup1 cells did not undergo the white-opaque transition, but it did switch spontaneously, at high frequency (∼10−3), and unidirectionally through the following sequence of colony (and cellular) phenotypes: “fuzzy large” (primarily hyphae) → “fuzzy small” (primarily pseudohyphae) → “smooth” (primarily budding yeast) → “revertant fuzzy” (primarily pseudohyphae). Northern analysis of white-phase, opaque-phase, and hypha-associated genes demonstrated that Tup1p also plays a role in the regulation of select phase-specific genes and that each variant in the Δtup1 switching lineage differs in the level of expression of one or more phase-specific and/or hypha-associated genes. Using a rescued Δtup1 strain, in which TUP1 was placed under the regulation of the inducible MET3 promoter, white- and opaque-phase cells were individually subjected to a regime in which TUP1 was first downregulated and then upregulated. The results of this experiment demonstrated that (i) downregulation of TUP1 led to exclusive filamentous growth in both originally white- and opaque-phase cells; (ii) the white-phase-specific gene WH11 continued to be expressed in TUP1 downregulated cultures originating from white-phase cells, while WH11 expression remained repressed in TUP1-downregulated cultures originating from opaque-phase cells, suggesting that cells maintained phase identity in the absence of TUP1 expression; and (iii) subsequent upregulation of TUP1 resulted in mass conversion of originally white-phase cells to the opaque phase and maintenance of originally opaque-phase cells in the opaque phase and in the resumption in both cases of switching, suggesting that TUP1 reexpression turns on the switching system in the opaque phase.

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