Riqueza e diversidade de mamíferos não-voadores em um mosaico formado por plantios de Eucalyptus saligna e remanescentes de floresta atlântica no município de Pilar do Sul, SP. / Richness and diversity of nonvolant mammals in mosaic of eucalyptus saligna plantations and atlantic forest remnants on Pilar do Sul, SP.

AUTOR(ES)

Claudia Regina da Silva

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2002

RESUMO

The Atlantic Forest presents high endemism, diversity and richness. However, with the continuous devastation it became one of the most endangered ecosystems of the world. In spite of the high diversity of mammals with many endemic species, the distribution, the ecological patterns and the use of altered environments are practically ignored. The State of São Paulo presents an extensive reforestation area with Eucalyptus spp. However, any studies about the species of mammals that explore this environment were realized. This study was developed in Fazenda João XXIII, located in Pilar do Sul City - São Paulo State, where the landscape is characterized by a mosaic of fragments surrounded by Eucalyptus saligna plantations and an extensive area of Atlantic Forest continuous to Parque Estadual Carlos Botelho. The goal of this study was to survey the species of mammals and to verify its richness and diversity in the forest remainders and in the E. saligna plantations. During nine months of study with a sampling effort of 7290 trap-day and 3888 pitfall-day, 537 captures of small mammals were accomplished. Sand plots were used during 36 nights, to record the use of E. saligna plantations by medium and large size mammals. All methods were used in the three environments that are present the local landscape: continuous forest, fragments surrounded by E. saligna and E. saligna plantations. In the studied area, 47 mammal species were registered. Among these, species listed as endangered such as Puma concolor and Myrmecophaga tetradactyla; rare species in inventories such as Brucepattersonius igniventris and Monodelphis brevicaudata; and the Blarynomys breviceps, a new occurrence for the State of São Paulo. The higher relative abundance of small mammals verified at continuous forest, were the marsupials Philander frenata, and M. incanus, and the rodent Oryzomys russatus. The same species were also found as more abundant in the fragments surrounded by eucalyptus plantations. And in the eucalyptus plantations, Oligoryzomys nigripes was responsible for 55% of the relative abundance of small mammals. The diversity of species was similar in both sampled areas of native forest and lower in the eucalyptus plantations. Among the medium and large size mammals, L. pardalis and Leopardus sp used the eucalyptus plantation in larger proportion than other environments. The species more frequently registered in the plots of sand was Tapirus terrestris. In the present context of fragmentation and degradation of the Atlantic Forest, the eucalyptus plantations in Fazenda João XXIII represent an important role in the local conservation of the species of mammals, because most of these species use this environment as habitat or even for displacement.

ASSUNTO(S)

inventário mamíferos selvagens mammals biodiversity wild forests eucalipto biodiversidade animal ecology florestas ecologia animal inventory

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