Resistance to Antimalarials in Southeast Asia and Genetic Polymorphisms in pfmdr1
AUTOR(ES)
Pickard, Amy L.
FONTE
American Society for Microbiology
RESUMO
Resistance to antimalarial drugs is a public health problem worldwide. Molecular markers for drug-resistant malaria, such as pfcrt and pfmdr1 polymorphisms, could serve as useful surveillance tools. To evaluate this possibility, sequence polymorphisms in pfcrt (position 76) and pfmdr1 (positions 86, 184, 1034, 1042, and 1246) and in vitro drug sensitivities were measured for 65 Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Thailand, Myanmar, Vietnam, and Bangladesh. The pfcrt Thr76 polymorphism was present in 97% of samples, consistent with observations that chloroquine resistance is well established in this region. Polymorphisms in pfmdr1 clustered into four specific patterns: the wild type (category I), a Tyr86 polymorphism only (category II), a Phe184 polymorphism only (category III), and Phe184 in combination with Cys1034 and/or Asp1042 (category IV). Isolates in categories I and III were more sensitive to chloroquine and more resistant to mefloquine, artesunate, and artemisinin than isolates in categories II and IV (P ≤ 0.01). Mefloquine resistance was significantly more common in category I and III isolates than in category II and IV isolates, with a prevalence ratio of 14.95 (95% confidence interval, 3.88 to 57.56). These categories identified mefloquine resistance with a sensitivity and a specificity of 94 and 91%, respectively. The pfmdr1 gene copy number was measured by real-time PCR as a ratio of the amount of pfmdr1 DNA to the amount of lactate dehydrogenase (ldh) DNA. Eight samples had pfmdr1 DNA/ldh DNA ratios ≥3. The isolates in all 8 samples fell into categories I and III and were significantly more resistant to mefloquine, quinine, artemisinin, and artesunate and more sensitive to chloroquine than the isolates in the 57 samples with <3 copies of the gene (P ≤ 0.001). Thus, measurement of pfmdr1 mutations and gene copy number may be useful for surveillance of mefloquine-resistant malaria in Southeast Asia.
ACESSO AO ARTIGO
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=166057Documentos Relacionados
- The pfmdr1 gene of Plasmodium falciparum confers cellular resistance to antimalarial drugs in yeast cells.
- Selection for mefloquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum is linked to amplification of the pfmdr1 gene and cross-resistance to halofantrine and quinine.
- Pfmdr1 Alleles and Response to Ultralow-Dose Mefloquine Treatment in Gabonese Patients
- Pfcrt and pfmdr1 alleles associated with chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum from Guyana, South America
- Selection for high-level chloroquine resistance results in deamplification of the pfmdr1 gene and increased sensitivity to mefloquine in Plasmodium falciparum.