Removal of the organic contaminants β-estradiol and saxitoxins (STX, Neo-STX and dc-STX) by nanofiltration : bench scale / Remoção dos contaminantes orgânicos B-estradiol e saxitoxinas (STX, Neo-STX e dc-STX) por meiom de nanofiltração : avaliação em escala de bancada

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

The aim of work was to investigate the removal of β-estradiol and saxitoxins (STX, dc- STX and Neo-STX) by nanofiltration. These contaminants were selected due to its growing detection in drinking water reservoirs and their potential risk to human health, even at low concentrations. According to the literature, these substances are only poorly removed by conventional water and wastewater treatments and it is necessary to consider advanced treatment processes for efficient removal. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory scale cross-flow filtration system with recirculation of the concentrate. The applied pressure was fixed at 689kPa and the constant cross-flow velocity was 0,4m/s. The temperature of feed solution was kept at about 25C. Two nanofiltration membranes, polyamide thin film composite and cellulose acetate, were tested for the removal of β-estradiol and saxitoxins. The influence of pH solution on contaminants retention was also examined. Feed water type I was prepared by spiking estradiol into mili-Q water to make up a solution containing about 10μg/L of β-estradiol. Feed water type II contained variable concentration of saxitoxins extracted from Cylindropermopsis raciborskii culture. β-estradiol and saxitoxins concentrations were quantified by Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) method and High Performance Liquid Cromatography (HPLC), respectively. The results suggest that the adsorption mechanism contributes for the removal of both β- estradiol and saxitoxins by nanofiltration. The thin film composite membrane exhibited higher performance in terms of β-estradiol rejection, but the actual percentage removed was not obtained because the steady-state was not reached. The cellulose acetate exhibited a higher performance in terms of the saxitoxins rejection. The adsorption of both β- estradiol and saxitoxins on the membranes decreased when the pH of the feed water was increased. At the higher pH value, β-estradiol and saxitoxins rejections also increased.

ASSUNTO(S)

saxitoxins β -estradiol nanofiltração saxitoxinas nanofiltration -estradiol water treatment β tratamento de água recursos hidricos

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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