Quantificação do estoque de biomassa e análise econômica da implementação de projetos visando a geração de créditos de carbono em pastagem, capoeira e floresta primária / Biomass stock estimation and economic analysis of implementation of projects seeking carbon credit generation in pastures, secondary and primary forests

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

The lack of studies on quantification of biomass and sequestered carbon in the Atlantic Forest biome and the increasing demand for Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects motivated the execution of this study, aiming at quantifying the biomass and carbon stock of an Atlantic Forest fragment and evaluating the economic viability of five scenarios (Afforestation/reforestation with native species and early sale of credits - FRVA, Afforestation/reforestation with native species and sale of carbon credits along the years - FRVL, secondary forest (capoeira) with early sale - C, primary forest - FP and primary forest with environmental services - FPSA), considering carbon credit generation. Quantification of biomass and carbon stock was carried out at Bom Sucesso Farm, in a forest fragment known in the area as "Mata do Seu Nico", municipal district of Viçosa. The estimates were obtained for stems of the primary and secondary forests within the forest fragment, and also for the pasture surrounding it. The quantification of biomass of stem without bark in the primary and secondary forests was carried out by the non-destructive method using an average density of species with higher importance value. Pasture biomass was quantified by the direct method using material collected 5 cm above the ground. Conversion of biomass into carbon was obtained by using a 0.5 factor, and the estimation of the generated Carbon Credits (CCs) by a 3.67 factor. After the estimation of CCs, the economic analysis was performed for a 30-year horizon plan. The economic criteria included: Net Present Value (VPL), Equivalent Annual Value (VAE), and Internal Rate of Return (TIR). The price of a CO2(eq) ton was US$10.90.tCO2-1 (Kyoto market) or US$ 3.25.tCO2-1 (market parallel to Kyoto), depending on whether the scenario complies or not with the Kyoto Protocol. The carbon stocks of the primary and secondary forests were 83.34 37.29 tC.ha-1 and 10.81 4.68 tC.ha-1, respectively. The average carbon stock of pasture was 0.42 0.18 tC.ha-1. The results indicate that the analyzed farm has potential for carbon sequestration and generation of carbon credits. The economic analysis showed that the scenarios FRVA and FP were economically viable, whereas the scenarios FRVL, C and FPSA were economically unviable. No-return funding represented an alternative for making scenario C economically feasible. The presented estimates can be used as reference to predict carbon stock variation along forest succession at different ages and assist in a safer design of projects that seek approval from the ambit of CDM or from markets parallel to the Kyoto Protocol, such as the Chicago Climate Exchange.

ASSUNTO(S)

carbon credit manejo florestal biomassa florestal créditos de carbono forest biomass economic analysis análise econômica

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