Quantificação de fitosterois em azeite de oliva (Olea europaea) por cromatografia em fase gasosa / Quantification of fitosteróis in oil of oliva (europaea Olea) for chromatography in gaseous phase

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

The detection of frauds in olive oil has been on the increase in the recent years, being the control almost inexistent in Brazil. With the intention to make it available another olive oil detection tool adulterations to the inspection and quality control sector it was accomplished in this work the methodology adequacy to determinate the phytosterols composition in olive oil, through saponification of the sample with internal standard (alpha-cholestanol), extraction of unsaponifiable matter and separation of the unsaponifiable components through thin layer chromatography, total sterols isolation and extraction and identification and quantification of its contents through gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. The phytosterols chromatographic separation was accomplished in melted silica capillary column LM-5 (5% phenyl 95% methyl polisiloxane, 30m x 0.25 mm x 0.3 um), with isotherm at 300ºC. Twenty nine brands of olive oil were purchased (extra virgin olive oil, olive oil and pure olive oil) available in Campinas market, imported from Argentina, Spain, Italy and Portugal, from which 27 brands were bottled in the origin country. The samples had previously undergone a free fatty acid determination (%FFA), specific extinction coefficient determination (K232 e K270 nm) and fatty acid composition determination and consequent evaluation of mono and polyunsaturated, of trans isomers content and calculated iodine and saponification values. It was observed that acidity content was within the established limits for the classification of each type of oil, however 10 brands that showed an ultraviolet absorptivity at 232 e 270 nm above the limit values for the oil category. Through the fatty acid composition and consequent evaluation of saponification and iodine values, 4 brands of oil were discarded, due to the low oleic acid and high linoleic, linolenic and trans isomers contents. Before the observed irregularities, it was confirmed for these 4 brands a gross adulteration with another vegetable oil. The remaining 25 brands were submitted to the evaluation of phytosterols composition, in order to test the efficiency of the methodology and to evaluate the legitimacy of the oils. The determinations were performed in duplicates. The percentual result of the main phytosterols showed that it is possible to detect a fraud in olive oil with other vegetable oils, for presenting a beta-sytosterol content inferior to the minimum value of 93%, recommended by the ANVISA Resolution nº 482. The quantity of total phytosterols complemented the previous information and allowed to detect olive oil aduterations with inferior quality olive oils.

ASSUNTO(S)

azeite adulterações adulterations gas chromatography oil of oliva cromatografia de gas

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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