Project and assembling of pneumatic transport pilot unit in diluted phase for studying the relationship between the pressure drop and the distribution of granular particles into the cross section of industrial pipes / Projeto e montagem de unidade piloto de transporte pneumatico em fase diluida para estudo da relação entre a perda de carga e a distribuição de particulas granulares na seção transversal de dutos industriais

Sabrina Martins dos Santos

The pneumatic transport that involves the use of air particles to move materials through pipes is a major operation in various industries and chemical processes. Typical examples are systems for the conversion of energy from coal, catalytic cracking, drying and transport of solid and fine granular. The conventional pneumatic transport is often operated in dilute phase where the particles remain suspended in a region of high speed air. It is the widespread use due to low cost of acquisition, operation and maintenance on belt conveyors, mugs and helicoidal. One of the biggest problems is the erosion of the bottom of the pipe. The superficial velocity of the gas, the diameter of the particle and the pipe, the type and shape of particles affect the pneumatic transport. As a result of this complexity, these systems are based on empirical correlations obtained from experimental studies for each solid, generally in small diameter pipelines without data distribution of particles in the cross section of the units. This study aimed to design, build a pilot plant for pneumatic conveying in dilute phase and get a curve of pressure drop on the basis of speed and air flow rate and distribution of solid polymer polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene. The system consisted basically of centrifugal fan semi-open blades with diameter of 210 mm, coupled to a balanced-blower motor, 1 hp with variable rotation. The solids were fed from a silo to the carrier through a rotary valve. The air-particle mixture was transported through horizontal tubes of acrylic and steel with internal diameter of 117 mm and a total length of approximately 4,020 mm and unloaded in a collector module nine square-section aluminum pipes where they were coupled nylon mesh filter for retention of solids at the end of the carrier. The system helped build figures relate to the flow of solid, pressure drop per meter of pipe, and unconventional way, the relationship of these parameters with the distribution of particles in the cross section of industrial-sized product. The work showed that under the conditions that commonly are projected industrial units to pneumatic transport dilute phase in general, more than 70% of the solids are in the lower third of the pipe causing damage in these regions with stops and profit for maintenance

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