Características da planta e produção de batata-semente básica em substrato com diferentes materiais de propagação / Potato plant characteristics and basic seed production in substrate with different propagation materials

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

This study was carried out to optimize the pot with substrate system on basic seed potato production using different propagation materials. At diferent experiments were evaluated: a) five substrate volumes in the pot (1.5; 3.0; 6.0; 12.0, and 24.0 dm3) and tuber sprout as the propagation material; b) two propagation materials, minituber and tuber sprout, and four simple superphosphate rates (0.0; 1.5; 3.0, and 6.0 g dm-3); five potassium chloride rates (0; 165; 330; 660, and 1320 mg dm-3) and five magnesium sulfate rates (0.00; 0.45; 0.90; 1.80, and 3.60 g dm-3); c) seven time of plant sample (27; 34; 41; 48; 55; 62, and 69 days after planting); d) six N rates (0; 25; 50; 100; 200, and 400 mg dm-3) and three propagation materials, tuber minituber and tuber sprout. The highest tuber yield per plant is obtained with 24.0 dm3 substrate whereas the highest efficiency use of either substrate and physical bench space is obtained with 1.5 dm3. Simple superphosphate, potassium chloride and magnesium sulfate rates added to the substrate for the maximum tuber yield (expressed in number) are 3300, 1320, 3600 mg dm-3 when minituber was the propagation material; when using the tuber sprout the corresponding values were 3300, 0.0, and 3600 mg dm-3, respectively. Propagated by tuber seed, potato plant cycle in pot is 69 days and the nutrient accumulation in the plant in increasing sequence is nitrogen, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, zinc, iron and copper. Basic potato seed yield, diagnostic indices for nitrogen status and prognostic indices for potato seed productivity such as the leaf green intensity (determined by SPAD index and color table), plant physiological indexes (leaf area, length, width, leaflet numbers, fresh and dry weight) and nitrogen content in the fourth and old leaf (N-NO3- in the petiole sap and N in the dry matter) are affected by N rate and propagation material. The most appropriate index for either plant nitrogen diagnostic and potato yield prognosis is variable according to the propagative material. In 3 dm3 pot, nitrogen rate for the highest tuber yield (expressed as number) is 254, 231, and 183 mg dm-3 N, when using tuber, minituber and tuber sprout as propagation materials, respectively.

ASSUNTO(S)

solanum tuberosum nutrição mineral mineral nutrition solanum tuberosum propagation propagação fitotecnia

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