Production, characterization and extrusion of pigeon pea flour / Produção, caracterização e extrusão de farinha de guandu

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

1983

RESUMO

Grains of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan, Mill.) Variety Kaki, was initially characterized physically with respect to its size, distribution of sizes empeneiras and dried in order to verify the proportion of cotyledons, bark and embryo. Were determined in wholemeal, bark and cotyledons the levels of protein, fat, ash, fiber, starch and minerals. The grain of pigeonpea has studied cotyledons of 87.1%, 12.1% and 0.6% from the bark of embryo. The cotyledons showed a production process was developed using a flour mill rolls. The grains, initially with 13% moisture, were conditioned with humidity ranging up to 16% and up to 120 times of 15 minutes in order to facilitate the separation of the shell by peneiragem. Before the passage of the mill rolls the grains were broken in the disk mill and shell separated by ventilation. And by-products of flour milling were analyzed for their chemical composition. It was also in the content of starch flour damaged. Two types of flour were obtained, a meal break with 15.76% and 46.78% of protein and starch of a meal reduction with 24.11% and 38.22% of protein from starch. The starch was isolated from pea flour and have been developed for both the milogramas in various concentrations. The show higher levels of protein, fat and starch than in the shell. With the exception of phosphorus, all mineral levels were higher in bark than in cotyledons. The starch was also characterized by swelling and solubility in various temperatures. Both the starch such as flour had an ever increasing viscosity with heat and agitation, and low values of swelling and solubility (both around 20), characteristics of granules of high resistance. The pigeon pea flour was extruded with levels of water content of 20, 22, 24 and 26i, temperatures of 160, 180 and 2000C and rates of compression screw of 2:1, 3:1 and 4:1. The following were evaluated in both experiments: the content that during processing, production of extruded, moisture content after extrusion, density, hardness and absorption of the extruded products, solubility of the protein, index of solubility and viscosity of extruded flour. The combined effect of varying temperature and rate of compression screw was analyzed by using a surface answer the regression model of 2nd order. The initial moisture content of flour under the conditions studied, did not affect the characteristics of the products. The extruded had a surface rugosa and a very open porous internal structure. The temperature was the variable that most affected the characteristics as humidity after extrusion, density, hardness and soluble protein. The content that during processing, the expansion of the samples, the water absorption, and the viscosities of 25, 95 and 500C of extruded flour, have, however, its variations also influenced by the rate of compression

ASSUNTO(S)

rural engineering engenharia rural feijão - cultivo farinhas flour beans

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