Produção e nutrição mineral do capim-Tanzânia com variável disponibilidade de nitrogênio e cálcio / Tanzânia grass production and mineral nutrition related to the availability of nitrogen and calcium

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

Tanzânia grass may depend on calcium availability as nitrogen is changed in the substrate. The objective was to evaluate the changes in physiological, nutritional and productive parameters of this grass, when combined rates of nitrogen and calcium were supplied, and search for calcium deficiency related to the supply of this nutrient in the nutrient solution having high nitrogen rate. Tanzânia grass was grown in nutrient solution with ground quartz as substrate, in greenhouse experiments from September 2004 to January 2005 at Piracicaba, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Two experiments were carried out in Randomized Blocks design, with four replications. At each plant harvest, plant tops were separated in emergent leaves (EL), recently-expanded leaf lamina (RL), mature leaf lamina (ML) e culms plus sheaths (CS), and following the final harvest the root system was evaluated. In the first experiment, a fractionated 52 factorial was used, with combinations of five nitrogen rates (2; 9; 16; 23 e 30 mmol L-1) and five calcium rates (0.50; 1.75; 3.00; 4.25 e 5.50 mmol L-1). Three harvests were performed, the first one 39 days after seedlings transplanting, the second 30 days after the first and the third one 28 days after the second harvest. In the second experiment only one harvest was done at 33 days after seedlings transplanting and the calcium rates were: 0; 0.25; 0.50; 2.50 and 5.00 mmol L-1. Combination of nitrogen and calcium rates was necessary for Tanzânia grass leaf area and SPAD value at the third growth, for the plant tops and roots yield, and calcium concentration in the RL at the second and third growths, for the sulfur concentration in RL in all three grass growth periods, and nitrogen concentration in the roots. The number of tillers and leaves, roots length and surface, concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the RL depended only on nitrogen rates. Calcium rates affected calcium concentration in each component of plant tops, in total plant tops and in the roots. Magnesium concentration in the RL decreased with both nitrogen and calcium rates. Calcium ranged from 9 to 36%, magnesium from 17 to 28% and potassium from 47 to 63% of the positive charge in plant tops. The use of calcium rate in the nutrient solution equal to 40% of that recommended by Sarruge did not reduce physiological, nutritional and productive parameters of this grass, even with the supply of high nitrogen rate. Calcium deficiency symptoms in this grass were only observed with very low or no supply of this nutrient in the growth medium having high nitrogen availability.

ASSUNTO(S)

forage grass solução nutritiva calcium - deficiency diagnose foliar raiz leaves diagnosis capim-tanzânia macronutriente title macronutrients cálcio – deficiência roots gramínea forrageira tanzânia grass nutrient solution

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