Proanthocyanidins and Potential Precursors in Needles of Douglas Fir and in Cell Suspension Cultures Derived from Seedling Shoot Tissues 1

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Proanthocyanidins and their potential precursors have been analyzed by paper chromatography and C18 reversed phase columns with high performance liquid chromatography. Total proanthocyanidins on a dry weight basis in cell suspension cultures derived from seedlings of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) were equal to or greater than those found in mature needles of randomly selected outdoor-grown trees. The major monomer and dimer were catechin and epicatechin-catechin, respectively. Although only procyanidins were detectable in cell suspension cultures, mature needles of outdoor-grown trees contained prodelphinidins as well. Immature needles (flush growth) of the same trees contained only trace amounts of prodelphinidins. Eriodictyol-7-glucoside and dihydroquercetin-3′-glucoside were present in all tissues examined. The amount of eriodictyol-7-glucoside was strongly correlated with total proanthocyanidins in immature needles of flush growth (r = 0.89, p = 0.001). The most complex pattern of flavonoids was found in flush growth needles, which contained in addition to the above, naringenin-7-glucoside and five to six flavone glycosides. Chlorogenic acid was detected only in seedlings and in flush growth needles.

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