Preparação, caracterização e aplicação de membranas polimericas microporosas assimetricas

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2002

RESUMO

This work starts with the preparation of asymmetric microporous polymeric membranes through phase inversion technique by immersion-coagulation in the presence of a non-solvent. The poly (vinylidene fluoride)-PVDF was used pure or blended with lithium chloride and one of the following polymeric additives: poly (vinyl acetate)-PVAc or poly (ethylene glycol)-PEG, of various concentrations. The polyethersulfone -PES was also utilized pure or blended with polivinylpyrrolidone-PVP of different average molecular weights such as: 10,000 40,000 and 360,000 g/gmol, in various concentrations. The solvent utilized in every case N,N-dimethylformamide- DMF. The characterization of the polymeric solutions and the prepared membranes was carried out through the following techniques: Viscosimetry, Electron Microscopy, Fourier Transformed Infra-Red Spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry, and water permeability tests and retention of bovine serum albumin. An increase in base polymer concentrations (PVDF or PES) led to the formation of thicker membranes, filtering skins with smaller mean diameters and/or number of voids, smaller cavity sub-Iayers, larger spongy regions and, therefore, a lower permeability. In general, the increase in the concentrations of additives LiCI, PEG and PV Ac concentrations, in the PVDF polymeric solution, led to thicker membranes formation, higher superficial porosity, larger cavity sub-Iayers and smaller spongy region. The PVP mean molecular weight increase resulted in thicker membrane formation with lower superficial porosity and permeability. Afterwards, a selection of the best membranes prepared through ultrafiltration of whey (pH 6.5) and PV A 1.5 % wt solution was done. The operational conditions were: temperature of 50 o C, pressure of 300 kPa and tangential velocities of 0.64 m.s-1 (whey) and 0.50 m.s-1 (PVA). The best performance membranes showed a steady state permeate flux of 40 kg.h-1.m-2 of whey and, 11 kg.h-1.m-2 of PVA solution. These figures are comparable with, and even higher than, those reported in the literature for similar applications. The F3 membrane (16%PVDF/3%LiCI), was selected as among the best ones to be used for the study of the influence of the operational parameters: temperature, pressure and tangential velocity, for the ultrafiltration of cheese whey and PV A 0.8 % wt solution. For both cheese whey and the PVA solution, the temperature and tangential velocity were the most influencing parameters on the permeating rate. At last, a serial resistances mathematical model (membrane, fouling and gel layer) was tested for permeate flux simulation. Both the whey and PVA solution operational parameters were varied. Also, the calculated and observed permeate flux curves were compared. For the PVA solution permeate flux, the model simulated adequately the variations in the operational parameters variation tested. As to whey, the results mostly showed good agreements. Among the different model resistances, the gel layer one had the strongest influence on the permeate flux decrease. This was valid for both cheese whey and PVA solution

ASSUNTO(S)

ultrafiltração membranas (tecnologia) soro de queijo modelagem de dados polimeros de vinil

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

Documentos Relacionados