PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL PROFILE AND EVALUATION OF GASTROPROCTIVE ACTIVE OF HIDROALCOHOLIC EXTRACT, FRACTIONS AND SUBFRACTIONS OF KALE LEAVES (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.) / Estudo do perfil fitoquímico e avaliação da atividade gastroprotetora do extrato hidroalcoólico, frações e subfrações das folhas de couve: Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC.

Marivane Lemos

P opular reports indicate that kale, Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC., when taken while fasting, in the form of a juice, relieves the symptoms of gastric disorders. Studies show that some compounds present in plants of this genus exhibit antioxidant, wound healing, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity. Thus, this study investigates the gastroprotective activity of Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala DC. through the methods of acute ulcers (induced by ethanol combined with hydrochloric acid, NSAID associated with parasympathomimetic), and chronic ulcers (acetic acid induced), changes in parameters of gastric juice (evaluation of gastric acid secretion and determination of mucus) and evaluation of the possible mechanisms involved (determination of the roles of nitric oxide and sulfhydryl compounds in vivo). It also seeks to establish the preliminary phytochemical profile. Different forms of gastroprotection were observed in treatments with hydroalcoholic extract, chloroform fraction and subfractions, and aqueous fractions and subfractions. Gastroprotection with the treatment of hydroalcoholic extract was more pronounced than that observed in treatments with chloroform fraction and aqueous fraction, omeprazole and cimetidine in all the experiments. Another important finding is that, when fractionation of the extract was performed, its fractions and subfractions did not lose the gastroprotection, but were less efficient. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action may be related to antioxidant factors (involvement of NO and GSH), antiinflammatory factors (participation of PGE2) or acid secretion inhibitors (blockade of (H+-K+)-ATPase). The chronic study evaluated the curative effect of extract of B. oleracea L. var. acephala DC, and revealed a decrease in size of the ulcer, as well as histopathological changes. The chloroform fraction may exhibit phenolic compounds which are responsible for the gastroprotective activity linked to antiinflammatory factors and/or antioxidants. Meanwhile, the aqueous fraction may present in flavonoid glycosides that can interfere by increasing resistance to the damage produced by agents that induce ulcer, and glucosinolates, which after hydrolysis, are converted into isothiocyanates that interfere in acid secretion (blocking (H+-K+)-ATPase). In the pylorus ligature model, we observed that both the extract and the fractions have the ability to interfere with acid secretion, raising pH, decreasing the volume of the stomach, decreasing the concentration of hydrogen ions, and increasing mucus secretion. In the study of chronic ulcers induced by acetic acid extract of B. oleracea L. var. acephala DC. has the ability to regenerate the damage caused by acetic acid, re-organizing all the cell structures and restoring the integrity of the mucosa and muscle tissue of the stomach. According to the results obtained in experimental models used, the extract of B. oleracea L. var. acephala DC. displays gastroprotective activity, confirming its use in folk medicine and enhancing its role as a functional food

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