Potentiality of application of Yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia) flour on cereal-based products. / Potencialidade de aplicação de farinha de yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia) em produtos a base de cereais.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

This study aimed at evaluating the application of yacon (Polymnia sonchifolia) flour in cereal-based products such as pound cake, "Champurrada" type biscuits and rice-based snacks produced by a thermoplastic extrusion process. Thus the effect of incorporating yacon flour into the snacks and the partial substitution of wheat flour by yacon flour in the cake and biscuit were analysed, quantifying the magnitude of the physical and sensory changes in these products. Response surface methodology was used in the three studies, with a rotatable central-composite experimental design (with 2 independent variables for the cake and biscuit, and 3 independent variables for the snacks). The independent variables for the cake study were the yacon flour and flaxseed flour concentrations, and for the biscuit, the yacon flour and oat flake concentrations. For the snacks, the variables were: moisture content of the feed flour; temperature in the 4th and 5th extruder zones; and amount of yacon flour incorporated. The cakes and biscuits were analysed for instrumental texture and colour (Hunterlab), dough density and specific volume, as well as the sensory analyses. On the other hand the dependent variables for the snacks were: the physical (instrumental texture and colour, water solubility index, water absorption index and expansion ratio) and sensory properties. For the cake, the surfaces generated suggested that concentrations of yacon flour between 0.0% and 3.45% and of flaxseed flour between 3.18% and 6.0% resulted in a cake with reduced hardness. For the colour parameters, the minimum yacon and flaxseed flour concentrations (0.0% and 3.18%, respectively), produced lighter coloured cakes with a yellowish colour. The dough density reached minimum values when the concentration of flaxseed was 6.0%, whilst the yacon flour concentration showed no influence on this parameter. In the biscuit study, the response surface indicated that when the yacon flour concentration was 3.45% or above and that of the oat flakes 6.82%, the L* parameter reached its maximum value. The highest value for purchasing intention was obtained with a Yacon flour concentration of 3.45% and an oats concentration between 1.18% and 6.82%. These observations inferred that the recommended concentrations for the yacon flour and oat flakes would be 3.45% and 6.82%, respectively, considering the range of values studied. The most expanded snacks were obtained under the following conditions: 17% moisture content in the feed flour, a temperature of 120ºC and the incorporation of 12% yacon flour. The surfaces generated for the sensory attributes of texture and purchasing intention, showed that the maximum values for these two attributes were obtained under the same conditions of temperature, feed flour moisture content and yacon flour incorporation that propitiated the greatest expansion values. The use of yacon flour (Polymnia sonchifolia) as a functional ingredient in bakery products (cake and biscuit) and extruded products (rice snacks) was shown to be viable. The fructooligosaccharides (FOS), central object of the development of a functional product, were conserved during the processing of the yacon to obtain the flour, remaining in satisfactory concentrations, sufficient to supply the recommended values for ingestion according to standards divulged in the literature.

ASSUNTO(S)

extruded snacks yacon produtos extrudados bolos functional foods biscoitos biscuit pound cakes alimentos funcionais yacon

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