Potencial poluidor de um laticínio de pequeno porte: um estudo de caso / Polluting potential of a small-dairy industry: a case study

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

The increasing degradation of the environment has generated global concerns, attracting the attention to environmental problems, with awareness playing a key role in achieving material and economic development as well as a better quality of life. The dairy industry is an important part of the food industry and its contribution to water course pollution is significant; thus, reduction of the volume of the effluents generated by the dairy industry, as well as previous treatment of its waste are necessary and mandatory. This work aimed to determine the polluting potential of a small dairy in Zona da Mata-MG. To determine this potential, a diagnosis was made based on the monitoring of all the assembly lines, during three weeks, plus the application of a questionnaire and verification sheet to evaluate the critical residue generation points associated with the production lines. This monitoring aimed to observe mainly the production process, the residues generated, the volume of the water used in each line of production, effluent generation, hygiene procedures, raw material losses and physical- chemical characterization of the effluent. For the characterization of the global effluent of the unit under study and the receptor, the samples were collected in the months of April, June, and November 2007 and May 2008. Analysis of chemical demand of oxygen (CDO), biochemical demand of oxygen (BDO5), solids, pH and temperature of the global dairy effluent downstream and upstream the receptor were carried out. The amount of water used for each production line and effluent generated was determined. After analysis of the effluents and application of the questionnaire, the environmental aspects and impacts related to the dairy were determined. Mitigating measures were suggested to achieve a sustainable production. The main contributors detected for the organic load of the dairy effluent were loss, serum and buttermilk, which are discarded incorrectly. The dairys water consumption coefficient is 3.2 L.L-1 of processed milk. This value is within the range indicated by researchers but with small changes, this coefficient tends do decrease. The questionnaire and in loco verification results allowed to conclude that there are some limiting factors regarding loss reduction, mainly in small dairies with low capacity and lack of operational know-how. These limiting factors are related to losses and residues generated from process control, raw material, input expenditures and the methodology used to evaluate the results from the loss reduction actions implemented.

ASSUNTO(S)

poluição residues laticínios de pequeno porte resíduos small dairy industry ciencia de alimentos pollution

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