Perfil nutricional da clientela atendida nos restaurantes comunitários do Distrito Federal

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

Proper nutrition is a right according to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and a social right recently established by the Federal Constitution of Brazil. Bearing the national ideals of ensuring food and nutritional security in mind, the first community restaurant of the Distrito Federal was opened in 2001. Today there are ten community restaurants in the Distrito Federal. The meals served in these restaurants must ensure not only access to food but also promote the health of their customers in order to prevent nutritional deficiencies and non-communicable chronic diseases, such as obesity. In this context, the objective of the present study was to assess the nutritional profile and intake adequacy of customers of community restaurants in Distrito Federal. This is an exploratory, cross-sectional study with a representative sample for the DF. Socioeconomic variables were assessed and anthropometric data were collected, such as weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and percentage of body fat (skinfold thicknesses and leg-to-leg bioimpedance). Sheets with technical data of the preparations served during three days were made. Food intake during lunch was determined by weighing the dish and by direct observation. Daily consumption was determined by the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Consumption data were assessed according to the DRI recommendations. Statistical analyses included the c and Mann-Whitney tests and Pearsons correlation. Significance level was set at 5% (p<0.05) and correlations greater than 0.7 were considered significant. The sample consisted of 267 customers of six restaurants. Most of these individuals were males (79.5%) with a mean age of 38.3 years. The mean family income was three minimum salaries per month and the mean number of children per family was 1.6. Nearly half the sample was overweight (50.6%), 14.1% were obese and 0.4% were underweight. The variables positively associated with excess weight were age, being an ex-smoker and being in a stable relationship. Obesity and high WC were more common in females. BMI presented a strong correlation with the other parameters of nutritional assessment and this correlation was strongest with WC. Nearly one-fifth (20.6%) of the sample reported having chronic diseases, hypertension being the most common (10.1%). The median energy intake at lunch was 900kcal. The carbohydrate, protein and fat contents were 59.0%, 15.8% and 23.3%, respectively. A little more than one-third (37.5%) of the sample presented an energy intake below the recommended level, 46.1% had an ideal energy intake and 16.5% consumed more than the recommended level. According to the FFQ, the median daily energy intake was 2631 Kcal. Almost half the sample (41.9%) consumed more energy than their daily requirement and 15.7% consumed less than their daily requirement. Although macronutrient intake was adequate, micronutrient intake was very inadequate at lunch and according to the FFQ. The mean sodium intake was 2.3 times greater than the recommended level for lunch. Community restaurants offer foods in sufficient amounts; however, the nutritional quality of these meals needs to be assessed. Nutrition education programs and programs that promote the health of these customers need to be established. The high prevalence of excess weight draws attention to the true role of these community restaurants, which is to ensure food and nutritional security.

ASSUNTO(S)

programas e políticas de nutrição e alimentação segurança alimentar e nutricional restaurantes estado nutricional doenças e agravos não transmissíveis fatores socioeconômicos consumo de alimentos informação nutricional nutricao nutrition and food programs and policies food and nutritional security restaurants nutritional status chronic diseases socioeconomic factors food intake nutritional information

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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