Pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, nitrogen fertilization and common bean yield. / Patogenicidade de Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. phaseoli, adubação nitrogenada e produtividade de feijão.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

Brazil is one of the biggest world growers and consumers of common bean, that is one of the main protein sources in the feeding habits of the significantly population plot. Even if present prominence in the world common bean production, the Brazilian yield is very low. In the spring-summer 2002 the yield was about 926 kg.ha-1, a value much lower than the crop genetic potential, that can reach 4,000 kg.ha-1. Between the mainly factors that contribute for the low yield and the unstability of this crop, diseases have an important place. The diseases caused by soil fungi are one of the most important factors, with prominence to the fusarium wilt. Some researchers point the nutritional imbalance (lack or excess) as one of the mainly causes for the occurrence and predisposition of the plants to the pathogens and insects-pests attack, in addition with the plant growing phase and the climate conditions, beyond of the genetics interference. In the Brazilian conditions, there are a few studies that aimed the cultural control of the bean yellows. This study aimed: (i) the evaluation of the culture media pH variation effect at the mycelia development of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli; (ii) the verification of the culture media pH variation effects at the pathogenicity of F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli; and (iii) the verification and quantification of the N sources and doses combinations effects at the incidence of fusarium wilt and common bean yield. Four strains of F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli were evaluated in relation of six culture media pH values. The same four strains proceeding from the in vitro experiment were tested in a green house experiment. Two sources and five doses combination of nitrogen fertilizaton were evaluated in relation of bean yellows incidence and common beans yield. The results obtained in this study showed that: (i) the four strains of F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli showed distinct reactions according the culture media pH variation; (ii) the strains III and IV showed faster development; (iii) the differences caused by the culture media pH variation were smaller than those caused by the strains; (iv) the culture media pH variation did not cause pathogenicity variation; (v) although statistical differences were not observed between the strains of F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, the strain I was the most pathogenic; (vi) the chemical common bean seeds treatment, as well the nitrogen fertilization did not cause differences in the population, fusarium wilt incidence and common bean yield; (vii) the sources and combinations of nitrogen doses, as well the chemical common bean seeds treatment, did not cause differences in the macronutrients and micronutrients content, except for iron in the common bean leaves; and (viii) the nitrogen fertilization with 0+80kg.ha-1 and 10+70kg.ha-1 (planting and cover) caused greater iron content in common bean leaves.

ASSUNTO(S)

produtividade agrícola agriculture fertilizante nitrogenado feijão nutrients patogenicidade doença de planta nitrogen sources nutriente murcha-de-fusario-do-feijoeiro ph soil fungi disease fungo do solo ph phaseolus vulgaris

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