Otimização do processo de obtenção de hidrolisado proteico de carne escura de atum (Katsuwonus pelamis)

AUTOR(ES)

Leticia Harumi Arasaki

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2000

RESUMO

Fish processing wastes represent environmental problems and a meaningful waste of high protein material. Tuna dark meat is wasted as other kind of wastes, which include offal, head, tail and bones. Protein enzymatic hydrolysis is an alternative way to add value to by-products, as this process improves some of their functional properties. The objective of this work was to study the effects of pH, temperature and enzyme/substrate ratio using Response Surface Methodology on the degree of hydrolysis of tuna dark meat using the commercial enzymes Proteinase 1.5L and Savinase@. Tuna dark meat showed the following chemical composition: 64,63% moisture, 26,88% protein, 5,79% fat and 1,85% of ash. Using the enzyme Proteinase 1.5L, an experimental design 23 was used to evaluate the effects of the independent variables pH, temperature and enzyme/substrate ratio on the degree of hydrolysis of tuna dark meat. The parameters studied were pH from 6,75 to 7,25, temperature from 40 to 60°C and enzyme/substrate ratio from 0,1 to 0,3%. The factor of highest eftect on the reaction was the pH, followed by the enzyme/substrate ratio. It was observed that the temperature didn t influence the process significantly. Therefore, a second experimental design 22elaborated to study the effect of pH and enzyme/substrate ratio on the degree of hydrolysis. The parameters studied were pH 6,6 to 7,4 and enzyme/substrate ratio 0,06 to 0,34%. The factor of highest effect was the pH. The process was considered optimum in the region where there was a highest degree of hydrolysis, the pH varied from 6,6 to 6,7 and the enzyme/substrate ratio from 0,30 to 0,34%. An experimental design 23 was used to evaluate the effects of the independent variables pH, temperature and enzyme/substrate ratio on the degree of hydrolysis of tuna dark meat using the enzyme Savinase@,The intervals studied were: pH 8,5 to 9,5, temperature 36,6 to 53,4°C and enzyme/substrate ratio trom 0,03 to 0,37. It was observed that the three factors influenced the process significantly . The factor of highest effect on the reaction was the enzyme/substrate ratio. The process was considered optimum in the region where there was a highest degree of hydolysis, where the pH varied from 9,4 to 9,5, the temperature trom 52 to 53,4°C and enzyme/substrate ratio from 0,28 to 0,37%. A mathematical model was obtained for each enzyme to describe the hydrolysis reaction in the studied areas. Such models were considered predictive in the region studied. Two drying methods to obtain a dried product were compared: fIuidized bed and conventional oven. Comparing the protein hydrolysates produced with Proteinase 1.5L, the sample dried in the oven showed higher solubility than the one dried in the fIuidized bed. For the protein hydrolysate obtained with Savinase@,the drying method did not influence significantly the product solubility

ASSUNTO(S)

enzimas proteoliticas secagem hidrolise industria pesqueira

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