Otimização da esterificação da materia saponificavel do destilado de desodorização do oleo de soja / Optimization of esterification of the unsaponifiable matter of deodorization distillate of soybean oil

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2001

RESUMO

The esterification of the soybean oil deodorizer distillate (SODD) saponifiable material is a very important step for the utilization of this residue from the refining oil industry, used as a raw material in tocopherol (Vit. E)and sterol extracts or concentrated production. In this research work, three esterification processes of the SODD unsaponifiable matter were optimized: 1- enzymatic esterification, using commercial ethyl alcohol (96%) and LipozymelM(an immobilized lipase sn-1,3 from Mucor miehel) as the catalyst; 2- direct acid esterification, using anhydrous ethyl alcohol and concentrated sulfuric acid as the catalyst and 3- saponification/acidulation/esterification with NaOH, H2SO4and ethyl alcohol. In order to determine the optima processes conditions to get the higher conversion rates of fatty acid (FA) to ethylic esters, preserving the tocopherols, the response surface methodology (RSM) in a 2nd order factorial planning was utilized to analyze the results. The optima reaction conditions achieved for the enzymatic esterification of SODD free fatty acid (FFA) were: temperature from 44 to 56°C; enzyme concentration from 12.6 to 17.4% and ethanol:FFA molar ratio from 1.5 to 2.5:1, with conversion rates up to 90%. The optima conditions for the direct acid esterification of SODD FFA were: ethanol:FFA from 6.4 to 11.2:1, H2SO4concentration from 0.9 to 1.5% and reaction time from 1.3 to 2.6 h, with conversion rates up to 94%. And for the esterification of total fatty acid (TFA) in SODD the best reaction conditions were: a) saponification: molar ratio NaOHITFA = 1.5/1, temperature of 80°C and reaction time of 40 minutes; b) the acidulation was done using 50% of molar excess H2SO4based on total soaps formed and c) the optima conditions for the esterification of TFA formed were the same for the direct acid esterification, but using the variable, molar relation ethanollTFA, with conversion rates up .to 98%. Ali variables studied had significant effect on the FA conversion (p<0.05). Results showed a good adjustment between mathematical models and experimental results obtained from the different conditions studied, making these models predictive and statistically significant (p<0.05). Process 3 was selected as the best to esterify SODD. No significant tocopherollosses were observed during these processes

ASSUNTO(S)

esters esterificação (quimica) vitamina e esteres vitamin e esterification

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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