Ocorrência de patógenos periodontais na cavidade bucal humana: relação com status periodontal, idade e tabagismo / Occurrence of periodontal pathogens in the human oral cavity: association with periodontal status, age and tobacco use

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

17/04/2009

RESUMO

Study hypothesis: The current study hypothesized that age and personal and/or maternal periodontal status favor the occurrence of periodontal pathogens, whereas tobacco use does not. Aim: To evaluate the relation between age, periodontal status and smoking and the presence of A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, T. forsythia and C. rectus. Also, the impact of the mothers periodontal status on the occurrence of the same species in newborns. Methodology: In order to elucidate whats the age contribution, in the first stage of the study, regardless of periodontal status, 330 individuals were allocated in six age groups: newborns, children from 2.5 to 5 years, children from 6 to 12 years, adolescents from 13 to 18 years, adults from 19 to 44 years and adults over 55 years. In the second stage of the study, in which periodontal status and smoking were considered, another 76 mother/newborn pairs were chosen (33 sons of periodontitis mothers and 43 of no periodontitis mothers), another 112 periodontally healthy children, 109 gingivitis children, 40 periodontally healthy adults (21 smokers and 19 non-smokers) and 111 periodontitis subjects (53 smokers and 58 non-smokers) were added. The periodontal clinical parameters evaluated were probing depth and clinical attachment level (adolescents and adults), and, plaque index and gingival bleeding index (adults, adolescents and children). Subgingival samples were collected from dentate participants whereas non dental samples were collected from each group and were PCR-processed. Results: C. rectus was the most frequent bacterium for all groups, reaching 98% prevalence. The occurrence of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia, A. actinomycetemcomitans and T. forsythia was higher among newborns that are sons of mothers with periodontitis. Children with gingivitis allocated more P. gingivalis in the sulcus (99.1%) and mucosa (97.2%) than periodontally healthy children (67.5% and 64.8%, respectively). The intra-group analysis of periodontally healthy or diseased adults did not reveal statistically significant differences, when smokers and non-smokers were compared. Conclusions: Oral colonization by periodontal pathogens happens early in life and alters overtime, being many times guided tooth presence that, in the current study, influenced, above all, the occurrence of P. gingivalis, P. intermedia and T. forsythia. Another relevant finding was that the maternal periodontal status did influence the occurrence of periodontal pathogens in newborns. Similarly, the childhood periodontal status allowed increased bacterial frequencies. Finally, tobacco use did not alter the observed microbiological profiles.

ASSUNTO(S)

odontologia bactéria gengivite periodontite grupos etários tabagismo age groups gingivitis periodontitis bacteria polymerase chain reaction smoking

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