Non-nutritional factors that affect milk urea nitrogen concentrations. / Fatores não-nutricionais que afetam as concentrações de nitrogênio uréico no leite.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2003

RESUMO

This thesis consists of 4 studies, with the objective to assess non-nutritional factors that may affect milk urea nitrogen concentration (MUN) of dairy cows from a commercial herd, developing models for their prediction, as well as, validating prediction models from the literature. The first trial was conducted to evaluate methods and time of storage on the results of milk analysis (concentration of fat, protein, lactose and total solids (TS), somatic cells count (SCC) and MUN). Milk was collected from a bulk tank, poured into 210 vials and preserved with bronopol. Samples were used in a completely randomized design with a 4X5+1 factorial arrangement of treatments. One factor was storage method: 1) refrigerated (R), 2) frozen (F), 3) stored at controlled temperature (CT) and 4) stored at variable temperature (VT). The other factor was storage time of samples: 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days after collection, plus day 0, used as control. Analysis of variance, regression analysis up to quadratic effect and orthogonal contrasts were done. Somatic cells count was analyzed as natural log transformation (LSCC). Fat concentration showed significant linear decreases, in function of time, for CT and VT, as well as, total solids concentration and LSCC for all storage methods. Milk urea nitrogen showed lack of fit, through time, for all storage methods. For the other 3 studies, 8,833 observations were used, coming from 855 Holstein cows, from September/2000 up to January/2002. Data were collected on the milk sampling day, which was done monthly. Calving seasons (CS) were divided in summer and winter. The objective of the second study was to investigate further the influence of non-nutritional factors on MUN. Simple linear regression analyses were done, using all other collected data as independent variable and MUN as dependent variable. Milk production and milk protein concentration were the most associated factors with MUN concentrations. The objective of the third study was to develop models to estimate MUN, in function of days in milk (DIM), lactation number and calving season, for field conditions. To estimate MUN, a model, proposed by Wood (1967) to describe the lactation curve, was used. Models were adjusted by least square methodology. Concentrations of MUN showed similar pattern to the lactation curve, in function of DIM, differing among 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th -5 th lactations and being influenced by calving season. The objective of the fourth study was to validate three models for predicting MUN. Model 1 was MUN = UN/12.54, model 2 was MUN = UN/17.6 and model 3 was MUN = UN/(0.0259 x BW), where UN = urinary nitrogen and BW = body weight. To evaluate those models, accuracy, precision and robustness were tested. Considering the three methods of estimating dry matter intake of animals, it’s possible to conclude that the three models for predicting MUN differ among themselves, regarding accuracy, precision and robustness, presenting questionable use in the field.

ASSUNTO(S)

vacas leiteiras. dairy cows. nutrição animal diet leite nutrition nitrogen nitrogênio dieta animal milk lactação animal animal lactation

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