Nitrogênio e enxofre na recuperação de pastagem de capim-Braquiária em degradação em Neossolo Quartzarênico com expressiva matéria orgânica / Nitrogen and sulphur for the recovery of a Signal grass under degradation in on Entisol with expressive organic matter content

AUTOR(ES)

Edna Maria Bonfim-da-Silva

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

Nitrogen is required for pastures establishment, maintenance and production recovery, and its effect has depended on sulphur supply, for the relationship between these nutrients in plant metabolism. The objectives were: a) to study the combinations between nitrogen and sulphur rates in soil with Signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens) under degradation; b) to evaluate the effect of nitrogen and sulphur on the water use efficiency by grass; c) to determine the nitrogen and sulphur in the soil, before, in the course of the combinations between these nutrients on productive and nutritional characteristics of the recovering grass. Samples of plants plus soil were collected in cylinders of 15 cm diameter and 20 cm depth from an Entisol with a degrading pasture. Five rates of nitrogen (0; 100; 200; 300 and 400 mg dm-3) were combined with five rates of sulphur (0; 10; 20; 30 and 40 mg dm-3) in a response surface methodology based on a central composite design modified from a fractional 52 factorial. Three harvests were done after each 30 days of plants growth. The supply of nitrogen and sulphur together increased Signal grass leaf area, dry matter yield, number of tillers and improved the water use efficiency by the grass. Nitrogen rates had effects on the number of tillers and dry matter yield at the second and third harvests of the grass. The number of leaves was changed by both nitrogen and sulphur rates at the first growth, and by nitrogen rates at the second and third growths. Maximum dry matter yields were attained when nitrogen and sulphur rates were at about 10:1 ratio. Nitrogen supply affected grass roots by increasing roots dry weight, length and surface. SPAD values changed with combined rates of nitrogen and sulphur at the first growth, and with nitrogen rates at the second and third growths. Nitrogen and sulphur concentrations were at maximum when maximum rates of these nutrients were applied. The low 7:1 N:S ratio in the grass with no nitrogen supply suggested higher demand for nitrogen than sulphur. The interaction between nitrogen and sulphur rates was not significant for the evaluated soil chemical parameters. Soil pH decreased when nitrogen was applied. Soil organic matter content did not change after the growth periods of the grass. Ammonium nitrate supply resulted in increases in total nitrogen, nitrate and ammonium in the soil. Ammonium concentration in the soil was higher than nitrate. Calcium sulphate application resulted in increases in total sulphur and sulphate-sulphur in the soil. The application of mainly nitrogen, but also of sulphur, affected the nutritional status of Signal grass, and its recovery.

ASSUNTO(S)

matéria orgânica enxofre pasture-recovery nitrogênio leaf area pastagem – recuperação nitrogen capim braquiária organic matter signal grass área foliar sulphur

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