Modulação de eventos da imunidade humoral e celular por venenos brutos e componentes dos venenos de Bothrops jararacussu e Bothrops pirajai / Modulation of events of humoral and cellular immunity by crude venom and components of Bothrops jararacussu and Bothrops pirajai

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

Snakes of the genus Bothrops are responsible for 90% of snakebites in Brazil. Their venoms cause local effects in humans and animals, such as hemorrhage, edema, pain and necrosis, characteristic of an inflammatory response. The mechanism is not well defined. These effects are related to the combined action of proteases, substances that induce bleeding and phospholipases, as well as release of endogenous mediators generated by the venoms. Considering that activation of the complement system (CS) and cellular functions such as chemotaxis, activation, proliferation and cytotoxicity, may play a role in inflammatory processes and tissue injury following envenomation, the study proposes: a) to investigate the ability of crude venom of B. jararacussu and B. pirajai and the purified toxins, serineprotease of B. jararacussu and L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) of B pirajai in modulating the activity of the CS, b) to assess the contribution of the effect on CS in the recruitment of human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), c) to assess the direct cytotoxic potential of venoms and toxins on human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), d) to analyse the effect of venoms on the modulation of the expression of activation markers CD69, CD25 and HLA-DR on T, B and natural killer (NK) cells. The results of cytotoxicity assay showed that the crude venom of B. jararacussu was cytotoxic to PBMC only at higher concentrations, 50 and 100g/mL, showing no cytotoxicity in the other concentrations. The serineprotease showed low cytotoxicity to the cells, suggesting the need for further investigations about the mechanisms that lead to this cell death. The increase in cell viability found in samples incubated with crude venom of B. pirajai and LAAO suggests the possibility of induction of cell proliferation, which needs further study. The results suggest that the crude venom of B. jararacussu and B. pirajai are capable of activating the CS as observed in kinetic assays of classical pathwaylectin pathway and alternative pathway and neutrophil chemotaxis assay, where it was shown that cell migration was due to release of CS chemotactic factors, C3a and C5a, and that their respective toxins, serineprotease and LAAO have modulatory effects on human CS, and stimulate further research in order to clarify the mechanisms of action and identify the components responsible for the observed effects. There was increased expression of CD69, CD25 and HLA-DR on CD4+ and CD8+, especially when incubated with crude venom of B. jararacussu and LAAO of B. pirajai. It reflects activation of cellular immune response and may suggest that this type of response play an important role in the induction and/or control of immunopathological processes arising from envenomation by B. jararacussu and B. pirajai. This research aims to provide subsidies to the possible use of the toxin for therapeutic purposes and as tools for investigating mechanisms involved in pathophysiological processes that occur as a result of snakebites and also in other diseases of inflammatory nature.

ASSUNTO(S)

venenos de serpentes immunomodulation lymphocytes neutrófilos activation markers bothrops pirajai. marcadores de ativação linfócitos neutrophils complement system sistema complemento bothrops jararacussu chemotaxis bothrops pirajai. quimiotaxia bothrops jararacussu imunomodulação snake venoms

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