Modelling evapotranspiration for reference crop and acid lime orchard based on regression and artificial neural network tecniques / Modelagem da evapotranspiração de referência e da evapotranspiração de limeira ácida com aplicação de técnicas de regressão e redes neurais artificiais

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2010

RESUMO

The main objective of this study was to test artificial neural networks (ANNs) of multilayer perceptron type (MLP) for estimating reference evapotranspiration, diffusive leaf conductance and crop evapotranspiration of a mature and irrigated citrus orchard. The ANNs were trained under conjugate gradient algorithm. The sigmoid and linear activation functions were used for the hidden and output nodes, respectively. Comparative analyses with regression models were carried out. Daily values of reference evapotranspiration were computed using the Penman-Monteith method (EToPM) from climatic data (1997-2006) at Piracicaba, Brazil. All models were developed considering global radiation (Rg), net radiation (Rn) or extraterrestrial radiation (Ra) in combination with air temperature (Tar), air vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and wind velocity (u) as input data. Good performance was obtained for any model when net radiation or solar radiation were available, even missing one or more of other variables required by the Penman-Monteith equation. The performance of ANNs were improved when compared to those obtained with regression model basis, especially when Ra was considered as input data. Mean absolute error (MAE) from ANNs varied from 0.1 to 0.2 mm d-1, representing between 4 and 6 % of the mean EToPM values. Crop evapotranspiration, leaf diffusive conductance and leaf transpiration data were obtained from an acid lime (Citrus latifolia Tan.) mature orchard, located at the same region. The orchard, with East-West planting rows and 7 m × 4 m spacing, was drip irrigated to maintain non-limiting water conditions. Leaf diffusive conductance to water vapor (gs) and transpiration (T) were measured on fully expanded leaves, in the middle height of the canopy, at Northen and Southern exposed faces, in hourly intervals along 42 selected days, using a steady-state null-balance porometer. Variability of gs and T values were described as function of the exposition faces of the planting rows, time of day and season. Significant differences between exposition faces for gs and T values were only observed in the spring. The relationship between gs or T values and leaf environmental conditions varied according to the season. Photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) incident on the leaf, air temperature (Tar) and vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and time of day (h) were used as inputs. Adequate performance was only observed for winter models. Lysimetric data were used to determine diurnal evapotranspiration from orchard row (ETli 9-17h). Net radiation (Rn), air temperature and deficit pressure vapor (Tar, DPV) and Penman-Monteith reference evapotranspiration (EToPM) data were combined in the regression analyses and developing process of ANNs. Also any other temporal effect was taken into account by including day of the year (DOY). Mean absolute error (MAE) for ANNs models varied from 3.6 to 10.6 L plant-1, representing between 6 and 18% of mean ETli 9-17h values. Errors decreased when DOY was included. According to the results, it can be concluded that it is possible to estimate daily EToPM and diurnal citrus orchard evapotranspiration (ETli 9-17h) accurately by the proposed models. Relevance of other temporal effects operating on gs and ETli 9-17h determination, in addition to environmental variations, was evident.

ASSUNTO(S)

evapotranspiration models (multivariate analysis) neural networks-artificial intelligence. análise de regressão e correlação evapotranspiração regression and correlation analyses redes neurais- inteligência artificial modelos (análise multivariada) citricultura citriculture

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