Migração por extrapolação de ondas em três dimensões / Migration by wave extrapolation in three dimensions

Débora Mondini

In three dimensions, migration methods based on solving the one-way wave equation, besides facing problems to handle evanescent waves and to image steep dip reflectors, are still computationally expensive. For the problems of imaging steep dip reflectors and treat evanescent waves, in this dissertation, we use the complex Padé approximation. Because solving three dimensional problems is computationally expensive, several techniques have been developed in order to reduce costs and still maintain the quality of the migration method. A commonly used technique is splitting. Our goal with this study is to test the migration operators using the complex Padé approximation, the technique of splitting into two or four alternating directions, as well as the Li correction term. For the case of splitting in two directions only, we face the problem of numerical anisotropy, i.e., the migration operator acts differently in different directions, resulting in a mispositioning of the reflectors in the situation where the strike direction of the reflector is far off the migration planes. To correct for this problem we use the Li correction. Without changing 2D FD migration, Li correction is an extrapolation of the residual wave field by a phase shift. When splitting is applied in four directions (the horizontal coordinates and the diagonals) alternately we can still face problems of numerical anisotropy and consequently mispositioning of steep dip reflectors. Because of that, we also tested the application of the Li correction. In this dissertation, we compare the results obtained by the FD migration technique. The tests were conducted in a homogeneous media and synthetic 3D data in SEG-EAGE

Migração por extrapolação de ondas em três dimensões / Migration by wave extrapolation in three dimensions

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