Microparticulas de quitosana com didanosina e sua formulação em granulos mucoadesivos / Didanosine-load chitosan microspheres and their formulation in mucoadhesive granules

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

In this work a scalable process was developed for the production of gastroresistent granules containing chitosan microspheres, loaded with the drug didanosine (ddl). The global process included three stages, and the operational conditions were optimized in order to maintain the active form of the drug didanosine, which is sensitive to acidic pH conditions, and to obtain a final product with modified release, mucoadhesive and gastroresistent properties. The first stage included the encapsulation of ddl with the use of the ionotropic gelation technique with sodium tripoliphosphate (TPP) as the crosslinking agent and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) to ensure the stability of ddl. The optimization was performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the important statistical variables: chitosan, TPP and ddl concentrations. The maximum ddl loading in microspheres of 1433 mg of ddl/g of chitosan, was obtained with 2.00% (w/v) chitosan and 10.00% TPP. The microspheres where observed to have an average diameter of 11.42 µm, and ddl was gradually released during a 2 h period in a simulated enteric fluid. In the second stage, the granules with microspheres were produced with different excipients: chitosan, pre-gelified starch and carboximethylcelullose. The granules were prepared by extrusion-spheronization and the most promising ones were characterized according to the in vitro granule mucoadhesiveness, determined through the adsorption isotherm of mucin, and the ex vivo granule absorption, determined using the everted gut sac technique. The results showed that the granules with 4.8 % (w/w) chitosan presented greater affinity for the mucin as well as promoting an increase of 18 % in the ddI absorption through the duodenal segment compared with commercial free drug. The granules containing the chitosan microspheres released ddl in a 2 h period, a longer release period compared to the granules composed of the mixture of the drug and excipients, where the drug was released in approximately 10 minutes. Finally the granules were coated by the film technique, using Eudragit® L30-D55 as the gastroresistent polymer. Due to the process limitations, the polymer coating did not retain the total amount of the drug in the simulated gastric fluid (77 %). However, in the simulated enteric fluid, the granules containing chitosan microspheres showed a slower release of ddI compared to the commercial gastroresistent granules. These results demonstrate that it is possible to produce granules with microspheres that encapsulate a drug sensitive to acidic pH conditions, in a process that is easily scaled up. The process also shows a new formulation of the drug ddl, with modified release kinetics for oral administration, with potential benefits for AIDS therapy, as well as providing more comfort to the patient

ASSUNTO(S)

granulation drug delivery tecnologia de liberação controlada microencapsulação didanosine microspheres agentes antivirais aids (doença) chitosan

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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