Matinhas nebulares e vegetação rupicola dos Aparados da Serra Geral (SC/RS), sul do Brasil

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2003

RESUMO

The steep cliffs and rocky escarpments of the Aparados da Serra Geral, volcanic in the higher parts but with exposed arenitic portions in lower parts, are the eastem abrupt ending ofthe Planalto Sul-Brasileiro in south ofthe state ofSanta Catarina (SC) and in the northeast ofthe state of Rio Grande do Sul (RS), south Brazil. Altitudes diminish from 1000-1800 m at the top ofthe Serra Geral to 100-800 m in the base ofthis Serra, along a narrow strip with orientation NE-SW (27°48 -29°21 S and 49°15 -50°10 W). The rupicolous vegetation (VR) dominates the steepest portions, even vertical cliffs, and was originally encircled by the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, which occupied the regions with less steep relief, but this forest is almost restricted today to regions with very difficult access or to successional stages or to secondary forests. The elfin cloud forest or mossy forest (MN; "matinha nebular") may be considered the highest zone of the altitudinal gradient ofthe Atlantic Forest in the Aparados; its low trees (in general 6-8 m tall), with smallleaves, have trunks and branches densely covered by epiphytes (specially cryptogamic ones). The VR and MN plant communities sampled here in general occupy inhospitable and steep habitats, situated between the slope atlantic forest (above this) and the planaltine vegetation (forest with Arauearia angustifolia ["pinhal"] or grassland [dry, wet, or peaty "campo"]). We have verified the composition and abundance of vascular plant species in the VR and MN by means of semiquantitative survey in 4 areas: Serra do Corvo Branco (SC), Morro da Igreja (SC), Serra do Rio do Rastro (SC), and Serra da Rocinha (SC/RS). In Morro da Igreja (at 1710 m above sea leveI, in Urubici) and Serra do Rio do Rastro (at 1400 m a.s.l., in Bom Jardim da Serra), we have established 20 and 22 plots (10 m x 10 m) in each site, to the quantitative sampling ofthe MNs, identifying all trees (DBH>5 cm) and also the epiphytic and non-arboreal terricolous individuals. Ca. 4,000 specimens were included in Herbário FLOR (Departamento de Botânica da UFSC), with duplicates in Herbário UEC (Departamento de Botânica da Unicamp). We have found 871 vascular species, distributed in 368 genera and 119 families. There were 461 species in MN (from those, 166, or 36%, were, in this study, exc1usive from MN), 642 in VR (being 359 exc1usive, or 56%), and 281 in transition VR/MN (only 11 exc1usive, or 4%); 61 % of alI species were exclusive from one type of community in this survey, 20% (177 species) occured in the 3, and the other occured in 2 types: 65 only in MN and VR, 52 only in MN and transition, and 41 only in VR and transition.

ASSUNTO(S)

mata atlantica - aspectos ambientais plantas - composição

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