Manejo de coleópteros desfolhadores com atrativos e repelentes em cultivos orgânicos / Management of leaf eating coleopterans with attractive and repellents substances in organic crops

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2005

RESUMO

The common bean crops (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is very important for the human food due its proteins and energetic composition. In Brazil, its social and economical importance is due to the fact its the main responsible to supply the nutritional necessity of the poorer population and of the small familiar farmers that aredevoted to bean production. In a similar way, vegetables are a big group of alimentary plants that are part of a great essential group responsible for the supply of minerals and vitamins, besides the contribution of calories and proteins. Several problems affect the bean and vegetables cultivation, among which stand out insects that cause losses on produtivity and quality. Leaf eating coleopterans, specially Diabrotica speciosa species (Germar, 1824) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), are responsible for great damages on bean and vegetables cultivation. The pest and diseases control with chemical products caused countless problems to the farmers, consumers and to the environment. To contribut for the development of efficient and appropriates alternatives technologies, two field experiments were carried out at the Escola Agrotécnica Federal in Rio do Sul, Santa Catarina State, Brazil, between October 2004 and October 2005. In the first experiment were tested the repellent effect of copper sulphate, on four concentrations: 0,15; 0,30; 0,50 and 1,00% (CB1, CB2, CB3, CB4). Jointly, were also carried out experiment to test the repellent effect of D. speciosa adults syrup, on two concentrations: 800 and 1600 insects/ha, (MV1 and MV2). In the second experiment, were tested five attraction substances to leaf eating coleopterans: roots of Cayaponia sp; green fruits of bottle gourd (Lagenaria sp.); chinese collards softened 10% w/v (Brassica pekinensis); fermented salad of fruits 10% w/v and red vine vinegars solution at 25%. Pure water was used as check. The experiment with repellents was carried out in the first and in the second harvest of summer 2004/05, in common bean field. The weekly treatments were started when bean plants had 50% of first definitive leafs expanded, until the flowers emission. The data collect were daily, with cloth beat tecnic. In the first harvest, the genus Epitrix coleopteran stood out by the number of collected insects. In the second harvest, there wasnt significant difference among medium number of leaf eating coleopteran among treatments. The copper sulphate and the syrup of adults of D. speciosa didnt present repellent effect on leaf eating coleopteran. Havent seen significant leaf damages; fungi diseases, only small withered by Sclerotium rolfsii and Isariopsis griseola, in the second harvest. The medium productivity didnt differ among treatments. In the second experiment, with attractive substances in organic garden, green fruits of Lagenaria sp. captured significantly more beetles than roots of Cayaponia sp. and the check. By this results, its possible recommend bottle gourds green fruits and Cayaponias roots as auxiliar technic for beetles population control in organic garden, without expose the farmers, consumers and the environment to dangers of the pesticides.

ASSUNTO(S)

agricultura orgânica agronomia agricultural pests biological agriculture pragas agrícolas

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