Management of corn crop nitrogen fertilization after soybean cultivation on no tillage system at the Brazilian Cerrado / "Manejo da adubação nitrogenada na cultura do milho após cultivo da soja em sistema semeadura direta no Cerrado"

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

Cultivation of soil cover crops as second crop willing to produce straw and protect the soil after the harvest of the summer crop at the Brazilian Cerrados region had been one of the biggest challenges faced by farmers that decided for the no tillage system. Another problem inherent to the no tillage system in the Cerrados in relation with the nitrogen management (N) for corn crops is due to the cycle of this nutrient is extremely dependent on climatic conditions and for this reason, a totally different activity in comparison with Southern region of Brazil must be considered. In this situation, N supply whether in the seeding time of the soil cover crops in order to increase the straw production or before the of main cultivation (pre-seeding) looking to optimize time, it might be a strategy that demonstrates the same efficiency offered by the topdressing of the corn in soybean succession. The objectives of the study were to evaluate dry matter production in the soil cover crops and spontaneous species; to determine the influence of different timing of N-fertilizer supply in the phenology characters, yield and dry matter of corn after 2 years of soybean cultivation and, also, to quantify the efficiency of the nitrogen supply using the isotopic dilution technique (15N). Two experiments were carried out at the Triângulo Mineiro region, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, where rates, sources and timing of N applications were evaluated. The rates of N were: 110 kg ha-1 for the sandy clay loam soil experiment and 70 kg ha-1 for the very clayed soil experiment, besides the nitrogen supplied at the corn crop seeding. The cultivation of the soil cover crops after the harvest of the summer crop was not efficient for cover straw production; the nitrogen supplied at the seeding time of the cover crops also did not result in cover straw production. On the sandy clay loam experiment there was response to nitrogen regarding to the control treatment and also pointed benefit using split time application in relation with higher dose n a unique application. Also there was no difference in the corn yield whether by using urea fertilization or ammonium sulfate topdressing. For the very clayed soil experiment, there was no response on corn yield when nitrogen was supplied at the seeding independent of application timing. The efficiency of the nitrogen fertilization ranged from 26 to 70% among the different application timing and the average efficiency was 50%. The anticipated application did not demonstrate efficient with regard to the fertilizer recovery, being recommended topdressing applications, especially in sandy soils

ASSUNTO(S)

manejo de fertilizantes nutrient cycling plant n-recovery pre-seeding phenology of maize plants n-recuperado na planta Épocas de aplicação de nitrogênio fertilizers management ciclagem de nutrientes timing of nitrogen application sucessão de culturas pré-semeadura crops succession fenologia do milho

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