Low molecular weight lignosulfonates recovery by nanofiltration / Estudo da recuperação de lignossulfonatos de baixa massa molar por nanofiltração

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2007

RESUMO

Membrane separation processes like ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) are used in the pulp and paper industry to the recovery of several species present in the wood digest waste that are interesting to other applications as lignin, sugars and specially lignosulfonates, improving the recirculation of the water in the pulping process and the reduction of the pollutants in the waste water as well. Due to their wide range of applications, there is presently a specific market for lignosulfonates obtained from paper industry as byproducts, context where this study is inserted. The main objective is to recover by nanofiltration (NF) the low molecular weight lignosulfonates fraction (<5000 g/mol) from the permeate produced in a previous current ultrafiltration process of the paper industry effluent with sulphite process, using polymeric membranes NF and NF270, supplied by Filmtec, Dow Liquid Separations, USA. The assays and the analysis where conducted according to a 22 full factorial design (two variables, two levels), where the studied independent variables were: type of membrane and pressure. The studied dependent variables were: permeate flux, retention based on total solids and on UV-VIS absorbance, average molecular weight, conductivity and pH. The temperature used was 45°C and the perforated area of the support plate was 43.7%. The used full factorial design enabled the determination of mathematical models to predict the permeate flux of pure water and of lignosulfonate samples as a function of the studied variables. The best results to these parameters were achieved with the variables at the superior level values: membrane NF270 and pressure of 24 bar. The evaluation of the lignosulfonates retention using the total solids data (decrease of up to 51.79% in total solids in the permeate) or using the UV 280 nm absorbance data (decrease of up to 84.26% in absorbance in the permeate), as expected presented the best results with the variables at the inferior level values: membrane NF and pressure of 18 bar. In the analysis of the averaged molecular weight of lignosulfonates obtained by Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC), the nanofiltration process presented fractioning capacity with Averaged Molecular Weight ( w M ) of 1994 g/mol to the sample, 2327 g/mol to the concentrated and 1043 g/mol to the permeated. The results have not presented statistical significance to the ionic content (conductivity and pH). Preliminary study were also conducted to estimate the influence of perforated area (%) of metallic plates used to support the membranes in the permeate flux and hydraulic permeability, using three different types of metallic support plates, each one with a total filtration membrane area of 15.90 cm2, but with different perforated areas (%) related to the total filtration area: 25.3%, 36.5% and 43.7%. This study presented better water permeate flux results to the biggest perforated area, indicating that when comparing permeate flux values obtained in perpendicular flux cells, the information of the perforated area (%) of the support plate is important

ASSUNTO(S)

separação de membrana filtros e filtração polymeric membrane sulphite process residuos de papel - reaproveitamento pulp mill effuent nanofiltração residuos industriais lignosulfonate lignocelulose polpação alcalina por sulfito nanofiltration filtration area filtros de membranas

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