Lesões craniofaciais em mulheres vítimas de violência doméstica e familiar : registros do Departamento Médico Legal de Vitória (ES), entre 2004 e 2008 / Craniofacial injuries in female victims of domestic and familiar violence : records of the Department of Forensic Medicine of Vitória (ES), between 2004 and 2008

Talita Lima de Castro

Violence against women is considered a public health problem which impacts the quality of life since it causes physical, mental and moral injuries. In order to curb domestic violence, Law 11340, known as the Maria da Penha Law, was enacted in 2006. Given the need to quantify and describe the problem of violence against women, this study sought to analyze the amount of cases before and after the referred Law, to investigate the most common types of injuries and the most affected regions in victims of gender violence, evaluate the characteristics of these women and of the aggression and observe the answers offered to the official questions of personal injury exam, as well as address and discuss ethical and legal issues inherent in the subject. For the proposed retrospective study, there was a survey on the records of examinations of personal injury made in March, July and November of the years 2004 to 2008, in the Department of Forensic Medicine of Vitória, Espírito Santo. The study included women victims of bodily injury, referred as a result of gender violence, aged between 11 and 80 years. The reports relating to interpersonal violence unfamiliar were discarded. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba - UNICAMP. The number of reports exhibited an oscillation during the studied years, but did not reveal a specific trend over time. The number of cases after the promulgation of Maria da Penha Law was higher at 30.21% on the previous period to the norm. The results show that the victimized woman is, in most cases, young in an age range between 25 and 35 years old and unmarried, and she does not work outside the home. Most of the victims were originally from Vitoria, ES. The victim s husband or partner was the main offender, using mainly parts of the body like hands and feet as a mean of aggression. The most frequent craniofacial injuries were spots and abrasions, and the most affected regions were orbital, neck and frontal. As for the answers to the official questions of personal injury examinations, 30 cases were classified as serious injury, and four as very serious injury. In expertise on oral and facial injuries, it is fair to say that the dentist is ethically and legally qualified to evaluate these cases, to analyze the temporary or permanent damage caused and to verify the existence of a causal link.

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