Isolamento e identificação de actinobacterias em solos de terra preta antropogenica (TPA) da Amazonia Central por ARDRA e sequenciamento do gene 16S rRNA. / Isolation and identification of actinobacteria in anthropogenic dark earth of Central Amazon by ARDRA and seguencing of 16S rRNA gene.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

Actinomycetes have been especially useful in the pharmaceutical industry for their unlimited capacity to produce secondary metabolites with diverse chemical structures and biological activities. The search for novel species of actinomycetes constitutes an essential component for the discovery of new pharmaceutical drugs. Actinomycetes are widely distributed in soil, water and other natural environments. Amazon rainforest is well known for its rich biodiversity and still little explored, where Anthropogenic Dark Earths (ADE) occur which is considered the most fertile soil in the world. This soil has anthropic origin and is characterized for presenting a thickness A horizon and dark color with high proportions of phosphorus, calcium and some micronutrients, as manganese and zinc (Sombroek, 1966; Kern &Kämpf 1989) and also elevated levels of organic matter (Smith, 1980; Glaser et al., 2001). ADE also has higher biological activity than the original adjacent soil, where anthropic action did not occur. The most important characteristic in ADE is the sustainability of its fertility forming own micro ecosystems that do not exhaust quickly, even in tropical conditions, which they are exposed, or under agricultural use. The presence of stable organic matter and high biological activity in ADE indicate that this kind of soil may be an elevated microbiological diversity site consisting a microbial germplasm source. This research had as objective to investigate the actinobactéria community present in ADE, in Rio Preto da Eva ? AM city, 100 bacteria in three different depths of ADE and adjacent soils had been isolated with specific media for actinomycetes totalizing 600 studied microorganisms, After bacterial growth genomic DNA was extract that passed by PCR and Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) to recognize the bacterial genetic polymorphism and then proceeded the sequencing of 16S rRNA gene in bacteria with different profiles. It was founded a higher population of actinobacteria in ADE than adjacent soil indicating that there are a greater species richness in this soil with high fertility, although other bacteria not from Actinomycetales order were isolated that may explain in part the high fertility of these soils. Among actinobacteria found Arthrobacter genus was the most found and after Streptomyces, although some bacteria showed low identity front NCBI database, what may indicate the discovery of new species of actinobacteria that must be studied and probably used in biotechnological process.

ASSUNTO(S)

biological diversity actinobacterias actinobacteria amazon diversidade biologica

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