Interaction of Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch), Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) and granulovirus, the main pathogens of Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr., 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) / Interação de Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.), Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) e vírus da granulose, principais patógenos de Diatraea saccharalis (Fabr., 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
AUTOR(ES)
Giuliano Pauli
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO
2010
RESUMO
The sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is naturally infected by various pathogens, the most important are Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch) (Ascomycota: Clavicipitaceae), Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) (Ascomycota: Cordycipitaceae) and granulovirus. These microorganisms may coinfect the same host under field conditions, but the result of these pathogens interactions is not known. This study investigated the virulence of these pathogens applied separately and together on larvae of D. saccharalis in the laboratory on artificial diet and on corn plants. Most combinations resulted in additive effect on insect mortalities (M. anisopliae + B. bassiana, M. anisopliae + DsGV and M. anisopliae + B. bassiana + DsGV), however it became apparent antagonism between B. bassiana and the granulovírus. In all cadavers resulted from mixed applications, only one pathogen sporulated or externalized their symptoms in the host. Production of conidia of one fungal species on the cadavers subjected to co-infection was similar to the production of conidia of the same species in a single infection. In mixed infection, the two fungi have developed in the hemolymph of the host, and the exclusion of one pathogen occurred at a later stage of the infective process. Infection with B. bassiana has drastically reduced the density of circulating hemocytes in the hemolymph of the larvae, which was not observed for M. anisopliae. Two laboratory populations of D. saccharalis, one coming from Piracicaba-SP and other from Araras-SP, were tested for susceptibility to M. anisopliae and B. bassiana. The insect population from Piracicaba was less susceptible to application of fungi in 2009 compared to the same population in 2008 and compared to the Araras population. Therefore, a bioassay was performed comparing the susceptibility of the two populations and the progeny (F1) of direct crossings between them, using insects reared in the same conditions. This assay was performed to determine if the differential susceptibility would be related to genetic factors. No significant differences were observed in the susceptibility of insect populations and crossings to both fungi. The differential susceptibility observed in the first two assays was probably related to variations in the rearing system and nutritional and antimicrobial components in the diet and not due to variations among host populations
ASSUNTO(S)
vírus dos insetos. brocas - insetos nocivos baculoviridae biological control pragas de plantas controle biológico fungos entomopatogênicos borer harmful insects entomopathogenic fungi plant pests. sugarcane cana-de-açúcar insect virus baculoviridae
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