InteraÃÃo entre fatores climÃticos e um recinto localizado na cidade de recife: estudo teÃrico-experimental

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2002

RESUMO

Ambient temperatures lying between medium and high values, combined with small thermal amplitude, high values of relative humidity and solar radiation make the city of Recife a region that can be considered as having scarce possibilities for the use of passive or low energy consumption methods for providing thermal comfort conditions in local residences. Taking into account those characteristics, the bioclimate charts suggest, as the main alternative to promote thermal comfort, the natural circulation of air, a resource often clearly insufficient in urban areas. Intending to identify opportunities to create thermal comfort conditions, a theoretical-experimental study was accomplished on the interaction between environmental factors and a small building located in the city of Recife. The thermal behavior of a laboratory of the Research Group on Alternative Energy Sources (Group FAE-DEN/UFPE) was used as an experimental reference. With that purpose, along several months, the internal temperature of the laboratory, solar radiation, ambient temperature, speed and direction of the wind and relative humidity was monitored. The interaction between the climatic factors and the laboratory was studied through the correlation between its internal temperature and the meteorological parameters observed. Available models in literature that represent, analytically, the ambient temperature values, relative humidity and incident solar radiation in the walls and roof of the laboratory, are supplied as a proposal to generalize the obtained results for other places and periods of the year. The results of the proposed models, to calculate the relative humidity and ambient temperature, based on historical averages of its mean, maximum and minimum values are presented. The analysis of the thermal load of the laboratory during the months of June and November shows that 76 to 78% of it is due to the incidence of solar radiation in the roof. The mean of its internal temperature is around 3 oC above the average ambient temperature, with thermal amplitude equal to 2.5 and 3.6 oC, while the thermal amplitude of the ambient temperature presents values between 5.9 and 8.2 oC. The set of accomplished observations allows identifying the opportunities that the climate of Recife offers for residential projects, supplying comfortable thermal conditions with low consumption of energy. In particular, were: the injection of cold air provided by night ventilation, during the period that the ambient air reaches temperatures around 230C; promotion of heat transfer through the floor of the residence, by appropriate treatment of its structure as well as of the environment around the house; creation of micro-climate through evaporative cooling in the periods of large values of ambient temperatures and small relative humidity, besides the conventional procedures of thermal and radiant isolation of the roof and the use of selective paints; blocking the incident radiation in the walls, most exposed, and the promotion of crossed ventilation. It is expected that this study can contribute to the conception and design of houses located in the city of Recife, by using passive methods that provide thermal comfort and are sustainable from the energetic point of view

ASSUNTO(S)

tÃrorico-experimental clima engenharia nuclear recife fatores climaticos

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