Insecticide and fungicide activity of the ethanolic extracts of Pachira aquatica in Aubl Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) and Fusarium sp / ATIVIDADE INSETICIDA E FUNGICIDA DO EXTRATO ETANÓLICO DE Pachira aquatica AUBL SOBRE Hypothenemus hampei (FERRARI) E Fusarium sp

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2006

RESUMO

The coffee berry borer, Hypothenemus hampei (Ferrari) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), is considered as one of the principals plagues of the coffee tree, attacking the fruits all maturation phases. It possesses a short biological cycle and has a great capacity of proliferation, thus causing a phytossanitary problem in all the producing regions of coffee. Initial efforts in control biological the coffee berry borer had been discontinued front the popularization of the synthetic insecticides. However, the indiscriminate uses of these products generate the high indices of problems related to the sprouting of ancestries of resistant insects, the total destruction of fauna benefic and the contamination environment. However, there are few works with objective to generate alternative techniques of this plagues control, and between them, it is the use of botanical insecticides. The Fusarium is one fungus considered symbiotic for the coffee berry borer, for acting in the feeding and reproduction of this insect. The presence of this fungus can cause pathogenic illness to the coffee and make possible to the highly toxic production of mycotoxins the health human. Pachira aquatica (Bombacaceae) is a plant that possesses geographic distribution for all the tropical regions of the world, also in Brazil. The secondary metabolic are a compound that represents an important paper in the interaction plants and environment. These compounds possess action against the herbivore, attack of pathogenic microorganisms, and competition between plants, attract pollinators and possess protective action to stress. This works objectified to evaluate the possible biological activities of this plant in the control of the coffee berry borer. In the experiment three parts of the fruits of P. aquatica (Fruit without seeds, Tegument of the seeds and seeds) collected in the city Porto Velho Rondônia. The extraction was carried through with ethanol submitted 95 % and to the substance groups. The insects had been collected from coffee bored fruits collected in the Experimental Station of Embrapa (Porto -Velho and Ouro Preto do Oeste). The biological assays had been carried through with adult insects of H. hampei, testing insecticidal, repellent and fungicidal the activities. The insecticide test had been carried using fruit without seeds, tegument of the seeds and seeds, in different concentrations (100, 50, 5, 0,5 mg/ml) and different ways of application (exposition in contaminated surface and topic application). The repellent test was carried using the concentration of 25 mg/ml. The fungicidal tests evaluated the extract activities of the seeds in front to the mycelial growth, sporulation and compatibility whit Fusarium sp. The results had been submitted to the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and compared by the test of Tukey (P≤ 0, 01). The ethanolic extracts of tree parts of the fruit P. aquatica had presented insecticidal activity for coffee berry borer. The extract of the seeds showed insecticidal activity in all the tested concentrations. The application for contaminated surface presented greater insecticidal activity in relation to topic application. The extract of the seeds presented significant difference in the mycelia growth and sporulation of Fusarium sp. (25 mg/ml), when compared whit the control. In evaluation of P. aquatica compatibility was considered toxic on Fusarium sp.

ASSUNTO(S)

atividade biológica controle de pragas extratos botânicos biological activity control of plagues. botanical extracts parasitologia

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