Inhibitor design for glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme from Trypanosoma cruzi: structural biology and medicinal chemistry / Planejamento de inibidores da enzima gliceraldeído-3-fosfato desidrogenase de Trypanosoma cruzi: biologia estrutural e química medicinal

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

Parasitic diseases are the foremost threat to human health and welfare around the world. Chagasdisease (also called American trypanosomiasis) is a tropical parasitic disease which occurs in Latin America, particularly in South America. The currently available drugs for this parasitic disease have severe limitations, including poor efficacy and high toxicity. The crucial dependence of trypanosomatids on glycolysis as a source of energy makes the glycolytic enzymes promising targets for drug design. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) from Trypanosoma cruzi, a key enzyme in the glycolytic cascade, has been selected as an attractive drug target in this PhD Thesis work for studies in structural biology and medicinal chemistry for the identification and design of new enzyme inhibitors. In this context, compounds from both natural and synthetic sources with in vitro inhibitory activity against T. cruzi GAPDH were identified by screening assays, improving the chemical diversity of selective modulators of the target. Kinetic and structural studies have demonstrated the non-cooperative behavior between the T. cruzi active sites in the interaction with the NAD+ cofactor, shedding some light on the mechanistic and structural determinants underlying the biochemical recognition phenomenon. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (2D QSAR 2D and 3D QSAR) were successfully created, resulting in statistically significant models with good predictive ability for untested compounds. In addition, molecular modeling and 3D QSAR studies highlighted important structural aspects to assist the design of novel trypanosomatid GAPDH inhibitors. Finally, a structure-based virtual screening approach was employed for the identification of novel inhibitors of T. cruzi GAPDH, consisting of several consecutive hierarchical, fast pharmacophore matching and molecular docking, which afforded 35 inhibitor candidates for the target enzyme. The integration of structural biology and medicinal chemistry studies presented in this PhD Thesis are important contributions in the development of strong scientific basis for the design of new selective and potent inhibitors of GAPDH from T. cruzi, a molecular target of highest priority in our research group.

ASSUNTO(S)

medicinal chemistry química medicinal inhibitors modelagem molecular enzima planejamento de fármacos cristalografia de proteína enzymes inibidores structural biology molecular modeling drug design

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