Inhibition of Nanobacteria by Antimicrobial Drugs as Measured by a Modified Microdilution Method
AUTOR(ES)
Çíftçíoglu, N.
FONTE
American Society for Microbiology
RESUMO
Compounds from 16 classes of antimicrobial drugs were tested for their abilities to inhibit the in vitro multiplication of nanobacteria (NB), a newly discovered infectious agent found in human kidney stones and kidney cyst fluids from patients with polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Because NB form surface calcifications at physiologic levels of calcium and phosphate, they have been hypothesized to mediate the formation of tissue calcifications. We describe a modified microdilution inhibitory test that accommodates the unique growth conditions and long multiplication times of NB. This modified microdilution method included inoculation of 96-well plates and determination of inhibition by periodic measurement of the absorbance for 14 days in cell culture medium under cell culture conditions. Bactericidal or bacteriostatic drug effects were distinguished by subsequent subculture in drug-free media and monitoring for increasing absorbance. NB isolated from fetal bovine serum (FBS) were inhibited by tetracycline HCl, nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ampicillin at levels achievable in serum and urine; all drugs except ampicillin were cidal. Tetracycline also inhibited multiplication of isolates of NB from human kidney stones and kidney cyst fluids from patients with PKD. The other antibiotics tested against FBS-derived NB either had no effect or exhibited an inhibitory concentration above clinically achievable levels; the aminoglycosides and vancomycin were bacteriostatic. Antibiotic-induced morphological changes to NB were observed by electron microscopy. Bisphosphonates, aminocaproic acid, potassium citrate-citric acid solutions, and 5-fluorouracil also inhibited the multiplication of NB in a cidal manner. Insights into the nature of NB, the action(s) of these drugs, and the role of NB in calcifying diseases may be gained by exploiting this in vitro inhibition test system.
ACESSO AO ARTIGO
http://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?artid=127303Documentos Relacionados
- Kinetics of Inhibition of Influenza Virus Hemagglutination by Homologous Antihemagglutinin and Antineuraminidase Antibodies as Measured by Means of the Photometric Antibody Concentration Unit Method
- In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of Borrelia burgdorferi: a microdilution MIC method and time-kill studies.
- Denitrification Rates in a Marine Sediment as Measured by the Acetylene Inhibition Technique
- Comparison of Etest with Modified Broth Microdilution Method for Testing Susceptibility of Aspergillus spp. to Voriconazole
- Comparative Evaluation of a New Fluorescent Carboxyfluorescein Diacetate-Modified Microdilution Method for Antifungal Susceptibility Testing of Candida albicans Isolates