Influência da profundidade de adubação e da velocidade de uma semeadora de plantio direto na cultura do feijão / Influence of fertilization depths different and of speed of a seeder under no-till system in common bean culture

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

Brazil is the largest producer and consumer of beans in the world, what explains the importance of research on this crop. In order to obtain success in implanting a given crop with minimum soil ploughing, the no-tillage system has been applied, with a seeder-fertilizer making the necessary cuts of the crop residues on the soil surface and placing the seeds and fertilizer at adequate depths. This work aimed to evaluate the characteristics related to common bean culture implanted under the no-tillage system, using a seeder-fertilizer provided with a horizontal perforated disk seed measurer and three sowing rows. The seeder-fertilizer tractor was evaluated at different displacement speeds and fertilizer deposition depths. The assays were conducted at the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), in Viçosa, MG, from August to November 2006. A 4x2 factorial scheme was used in a randomized block design with four repetitions. Four displacement speeds (V1 = 3.0 km h-1; V2 = 6.0 km h-1; V3 = 9.0 km h-1 and V4 = 11.0 km h- 1) and two fertilizer deposition depths (P1 = 0.05 m and P2 = 0.10 m) were combined. The following machinery and implements were used a 4x2 Massey Ferguson 265 tractor, with front wheel assist drive (FWAD); and a SeedMax PC 2123 seeder-fertilizer. The soil used was a Cambic Red- Yellow Argisol. To characterize the experimental area, chemical and physical characteristics of the soil, texture class and vegetal cover dry mass were determined. Plantlet longitudinal distribution uniformity, plantlet emergence percentage, plantlet emergence speed index, plantlet emergence mean time, stand of plants in the useful area established, number of pods per plant, number of grain per pod, 100-grain mass and experimental area yield were evaluated. Speeds V1 and V2 presented the highest percentage values of acceptable spacing and lowest values of failing ones The lowest number of days for bean plantlet emergence was observed at the lowest fertilization depth. Seeder speed influenced the stand of plants harvested in the useful area established, with higher values being obtained at the lowest speeds analyzed. Number of pods per plant was affected only by fertilization depth with best results being obtained when the seeder-fertilizer was at the highest furrower depth for the fertilizer. It was concluded that, under the conditions this work was conducted, the displacement speeds used for sowing and fertilization deposition depths influenced bean culture establishment but did not affect grain yield.

ASSUNTO(S)

essay ensaio velocidade de operação agricultural machinery máquinas agrícolas operation speed maquinas e implementos agricolas

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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