Influência da integridade dos barorreceptores nos ajustes morfofuncionais cardíacos à hipertensão espontânea em ratos / Influence of baroreceptor integrity on cardiac morpho-functional adjustments to spontaneous hypertension in rats

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

28/07/2011

RESUMO

It has been demonstrated that reduced baroreflex sensitivity is an independent marker of mortality risk. The arterial baroreflex plays an important role in the maintenance of the moment-to-moment stability of blood pressure (BP). Although the contribution of blood pressure variability (BPV) to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is well established, the mechanisms by which BPV causes end-organ damage process are still unknown. In the present study, we hypothesized that baroreflex impairment, with or without increase in BP, can induce cardiac and pulmonary artery remodeling by altering the autonomic modulation controlled by the arterial baroreceptors to the heart and vessels. For these purposes, it were investigated in normotensive and hypertensive rats the effects of baroreceptors dysfunction (10 weeks after sinoaortic denervation - SAD) on hemodynamic alterations and on cardiac and pulmonary arterial remodeling. Cardiac function and morphology of male normotensive Wistar (GN) and spontaneously hyperntensive (GH) intact rats which underwent SAD (GD and GHD, respectively) were assessed by echocardiography and histology. BP was directly recorded. Ventricular hypertrophy was quantified by the ratio of left ventricular weight (LVW) and right ventricular weight (RVW) to body weight (BW). BPV was quantified in the time and frequency domains. The natriuretic peptide (ANP), alpha-skeletal actin (-skelectal), collagen type I and type III genes mRNA expressions were evaluated by RT-PCR. SHR presented higher BP than Wistar rats, but SAD did not change BP values either in normotensive or in hypertensive groups. Systolic BPV was increased in both SAD groups. As expected, baroreflex responses were reduced in both SAD groups. LF and HF components of HRV were increased in GH and GHD groups. However, HF component of HRV was increased in GHD as compared to GH. The pulmonary artery acceleration time was reduced in both SAD groups. In addition, SAD impaired diastolic function in both LV (GN: 5.80.19 vs GD: 8.00.29 and GH: 8.20.54 vs GHD: 13.50.84, mmHg) and RV (GN: 3.50.15 vs GD: 4.850.15 and GH: 5.830.31 vs GHD: 7.770.25, mmHg). SAD induced LV and RV hypertrophy according to LVW and RVW/BW indexes (LV:9% in GD and 10% in GHD and RV:25% in GD and 34% in GHD), as well as, SAD induced an augment in total collagen in LV (of 1.6-fold in GD and 2-fold in GHD), in RV (2.9-fold in GD and 1.15-fold in GHD), and in pulmonary artery (3.38-fold in GD and 1.53-fold in GHD). Also, SAD increased collagen gene expression type I in LV (6.7-fold in GD and 1.6-fold in GHD) and RV (5.7-fold in GD and 5.3-fold in GHD); collagen type III in LV (3-fold in GD and 2.1-fold in GHD) and RV (4.6-fold in GD and 2.4-fold in GHD). In normotensive rats, SAD increased ANP expression in LV (1.8-fold) and in RV (1.8-fold), and -skelectal in LV (3.7-fold) and RV (1.2-fold). However, GHD group only enhanced -skelectal expression in RV (1.9-fold). Our results showed that the impairment of baroreflex function by SAD, despite not changing BP, induced important adjustments of cardiac structure characterizing LV and RV hypertrophy, as well as induced pulmonary hypertension. These changes may indicate that isolated baroreflex dysfunction can modulate target-tissue damage

ASSUNTO(S)

artéria pulmonar autonomic nervous system baroreflex barorreflexo hipertensão hipertensão pulmonar hypertension pulmonary artery pulmonary hypertension ratos espontaneamente hipertensivos ratos wistar remodelação cardíaca ventricular sistema nervoso autônomo ventricular cardiac remodeling wistar rats spontanously hypertensive rats

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