Influence of caffeine in the survival of leaf-cutting ants Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) and to in vitro growth of the mutualistic fungus / Influência da cafeína na sobrevivência de saúvas Atta sexdens rubropilosa (hymenoptera: Formicidae) e no crescimento in vitro de seu fungo mutualista

AUTOR(ES)

Carlos Henrique Miyashira

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

The leaf-cutting ants (Hymenoptera-Formicidae) are found from south of United States to Argentina. They are common florest herbivorous which collect plant material to feed a specific mutualist fungus. These insects are known by their ecological role at soil aeration, water permeation and nutrient cycling. Human activities, like deforestation and agriculture, affect the environment, affecting the behavior of leaf-cutting ants, which start to attack the crops. Due to crops lost, new specific pesticides are needed. Several researches have been developed using secondary metabolites for this purpose. The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of caffeine at Atta sexdens rubropilosa (Forel, 1908) mortality, and at in vitro growth of the mutualist fungus Leucoagaricus gongylophorus (Möller) Singer (Leucocoprineae: Agaricaceae), collected from laboratory nests. Four caffeine concentrations were tested: 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.10% and 0.50%. Ants mortality was evaluated by ingestion assay, adding caffeine to artificial diets. Caffeine was added to culture medium, to measure its influence on in vitro fungus growth. Despite caffeine concentrations, this compound seems to act as repellent to ants. Concerning to the fungus, the higher the caffeine concentration, the lower the in vitro fungus growth. Growth inhibition was observed at both 0.10% and 0.50% concentrations and death of fungus was observed in some samples. In conclusion, the results suggest that caffeine could be used as fungicide, being added to baits which could be collected by ants and carried to the nests, causing fungus reduction and/or death and consequently, the death of the nests.

ASSUNTO(S)

atta sexdens cafeína fungo mutualista caffeine atta sexdens mutualistic fungus

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