Impacto de intervenção para fortalecimento da motivação para reduzir o consumo de sal entre mulheres com hipertensão arterial / Impact of an intervention for strenthening the motivation to reduce salt intake among women with hypertension

AUTOR(ES)
FONTE

IBICT - Instituto Brasileiro de Informação em Ciência e Tecnologia

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

29/02/2012

RESUMO

Salt intake reduction is the most important non-pharmacological intervention to prevent and control high blood pressure. However, previous study among individuals with hypertension evidenced elevated salt consumption, mainly the salt addition during cooking. The aim of this study was to verify the effect of a theory-based motivational intervention (SALdável Program) to reduce salt intake (use of less than 4g of salt/day during cooking meals) among women with hypertension, with particular focus on improving self-efficacy perception and changing the habit. It was an experimental study with six steps in three-month follow-up. At baseline (T0), demographic, clinical, psychosocial (intention, self-efficacy and habit) and salt intake behavioral variables (behavioral question, discretionary salt, consumption of seasoned salt/bouillons and 24-h urinary sodium excretion) were measured, and women were randomized to the intervention (IG, n=43) or the control group (CG, n=49). Intervention sessions were performed one (T1) and two (T3) months after the baseline, for IG. Fifteen days after T1 (T2) and T3 (T4) participants received reinforcement phone calls. Three months after baseline (T5), psychosocial and behavioral variables were measured in both groups. Data were assessed by means of descriptive and comparison analyses. Regression analyses were conducted to verify the effect of the intervention and to identify the mediators of intervention. Finally, effect size was calculated. Results demonstrated that salt intake decreased significantly in IG and that the intervention explained the variance of all salt intake variables, except for 24-h urinary sodium. Intervention also explained the variance of intention (42.5%), self-efficacy (20.7%) and habit (33.0%). Multiple mediation analyses demonstrated that habit remained the only significant mediator of the relation between intervention and the behavioral question of salt intake whereas self-efficacy mediated the effect of the intervention on intention. The theory-based intervention aimed at improving self-efficacy perception and changing habit is feasible and effective to motivate women to reduce salt intake by means of reducing salt addition during cooking.

ASSUNTO(S)

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