Impacto das doenças e desordens bucais na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal de crianças pré-escolares e de seus pais / Impact of oral diseases and disorders on oral health-related quality of life of preschool children and their parents

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

The presence of oral diseases and disorders can produce an impact on quality of life of preschool children and their parents, affecting their oral health and well-being. However, socioeconomic factors could confound this association, but it has not been yet tested at this age. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of Early Childhood Caries (ECC), Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDI) and Anterior Malocclusions Traits (AMT) on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of children between 2 and 5 years of age and their parents adjusted by socioeconomic factors, and also to assess the presence of these oral clinical conditions in association to socioeconomic factors. Parents of 260 children answered the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) (6 domains) on their perception of the childrens OHRQoL and socioeconomic conditions. Two calibrated dentists (Kappa=0.8 for ECC; 0.9 for TDI and 1.0 for AMT) examined the severity of ECC according to dmf-t index (WHO, 1997) and children were categorize in: 0= caries free; 1-5= low severity; 6= high severity. TDI were examined according to Andreasen e Andreasen (1994) classification and malocclusions according to the presence of two AMT, anterior open bite and overjet greater than 4mm. OHRQoL was measured through ECOHIS domain and total scores and Poisson regression was used to associate the different factors to the outcome. Older children had significantly greater risk of developing caries, and girls were at less risk. A greater family income, older mothers, and if the mothers work away from home were also significantly protective factors for dental caries (p<0.05). None of the socioeconomic conditions were statistically associated to TDI or AMT (p>0.05). In each domain and overall ECOHIS scores, the severity of ECC showed a negative impact on OHRQoL (p<0.001). TDI did not show a negative impact on OHRQoL in the overall ECOHIS score, but significant association was found in the self-image/social interaction domain for injuries to the periodontal tissues and discoloration. AMT did not show a negative impact on OHRQoL nor in each domain (p>0.05). The increase in the childs age, higher household crowding, lower family income and mother working out of home were significantly associated with OHRQoL (p<0.05). The multivariate adjusted model showed that the high severity of ECC (RR=3.81; 95% CI= 2.66, 5.46; p<0.001) was associated to greater negative impact on OHRQoL, while high family income was a protective factor for OHRQoL (RR=0.93; 95% CI= 0.87, 0.99; p<0.001). The severity of ECC presents a negative impact on the OHRQoL of preschool children and their parents, whereas TDI and AMT do not. Families with higher income report better OHRQoL at this age, independent of presence of oral diseases and disorders.

ASSUNTO(S)

oral diseases and disorders qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal doenças e desordens bucais preschool children crianças pré-escolares oral health-related quality of life

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