Heterogeneidade espacial e a qualidade das águas superficiais do Reservatório Guarapiranga (São Paulo-SP-Brasil) / Spatial heterogeneity and water quality of superficial water at the Guarapiranga reservoir (São Paulo-SP- Brazil)

AUTOR(ES)

Sheila Cardoso da Silva

DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

Environmental heterogeneity studies are of great importance in ecology, once it interferes on ecosystems structure and working. Water reservoirs in particular are artificial ecosystems with high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. To test the hypothesis of existence of a pattern of longitudinal heterogeneity, and discuss water quality according to CONAMA 357/05, samples of physical, chemical and hydrobiological variables were collected during the dry and wet seasons in 33 stations in the Guarapiranga reservoir. Data were analysed by Principal Components Analisys (PCA) and the results corroborated the tested hypothesis. It was possible to identify four compartments: 1) a compartment near the entrance of Parelheiros streamlet, with riverine characteristics; 2) a compartment on the area of Guarapiranga reservoir, where entrance of Embu-Guaçu river tooks place, in this area were observed the lower values for electric conductivity, suspended solids, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and total suspended material; 3) a compartment with transition zone characteristics, this compartment was longer on the wet season collect, probably by the reservoir operation, which presents higher outflow on wet season; 4) a compartment downstream, which presented highers values for Secchi disc, total nitrogen, organic suspended material, suspended solids and pH, this data are probably result of the great urbanization observed around the reservoir, and the greater water residence time in the area of the dam. It was also observed critical conditions of water quality on the area of Parelheiros streamlet entrance. Moreover, concentrations of: total phosphorus, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxigen and total cadmium were out of the estabilished limits for water bodies class 1, according to CONAMA 357/05. Such data point out to the necessity of controlling irregular occupations and introduction of net collector drains at Guarapiranga basin.

ASSUNTO(S)

water quality guarapiranga reservoir spatial heterogeneity qualidade da água heterogeneidade espacial reservatório guarapiranga

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