Hepatic function and lipid profile assessment in puerperal and post-puerperal periods and their relationship with reproductive disorders in Holstein cows raised in the State of São Paulo / Avaliação da função hepática e do lipidograma no período puerperal e pós-puerperal e suas inter-relações com os distúrbios reprodutivos de fêmeas bovinas da raça Holandesa, criadas no Estado de São Paulo

Regiane Machado de Souza

Aiming to assess the influence of physiological puerperium and post-puerperal phase on the hepatic function and lipid profile of health cows, as well as to assess their connection with some reproductive disorders of early puerperium (Acute postpartum endometritis and placental retention); late puerperium (genital catarrhal discharges level I and II, and level III and IV) and postpuerperal phase (ovarian cyst and number of artificial inseminations for pregnancy), 378 blood samples were collected by coccygeal vein puncture of Holstein cows raised in the State of São Paulo.Hepatic function was assessed by total serum protein, albumin, α-, β- and γ-globulins; serum enzyme activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK) levels measurement; direct, indirect and total serum bilirubin measurement, and while lipid profile assessment was measured by serum levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate and plasma glucose level.The results analyses evidenced that puerperia influenced the hepatic function of health Holstein cows due to significant lower levels of total serum protein, albumin, β- and γ-globulins during the early puerperium (up to 10 days postpartum) than in the late puerperal phase whereas significant higher albumin/globulin ratio and serum enzyme activity of aspartate aminotransferase than in late puerperium and post-puerperal phase were observed. With regard to puerperium and post-puerperal phase influence on the lipid profile, gradual increase of serum cholesterol level and decrease of nonesterified fatty acids were observed with puerperal evolution. The values of cholesterol and nonsterified fatty acids were stabilized during post-puerperal phase (from 45-60 days and greater than 60 day postparturm). There was not puerperal and post-puerperal phase influence on serum and/or plasmastic levels of α-globulin, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, creatine kinase, bilirubin, β-hydroxybutyrate and glucose.Among the reproductive disorders diagnosed during early puerperium (acute puerperal endometritis and placental retention) and late puerperium (genital catarrhal discharges level I and II, and level III and IV) are: hypoalbuminemia caused by placental retention, whereas in cows presenting genital catarrhal discharges there was a lower total serum protein than in health ones, that was due to hypoalbuminemia. Hence, this albumin imbalance determined a decrease in albumin/globulin ratio in cows with genital catarrhal discharges. The triglycerides values in cows with acute postpartum endometritis and genital catarrhal discharges of levels III and IV were significant lower than in health cows. The hepatic function and lipid profile variables measured were not influenced by endometrium inflammatory disorders diagnosed during early and late puerperia. Therefore, the results indicate the following relationship between hepatic function and bovine endometritis: albumin values of cows presenting acute postpuerperal endometritis, placental retention, and chronic puerperal endometritis are lower than those of health cows, and these data suggest that hypoalbuminemia might be related to the existence of hepatic lesions, and possibly, associated with endotoxic processes. Ovarian cyst occurrence during post-puerperal phase did not influence the bovine hepatic function and lipid profile.While assessing the connection among hepatic function, lipid profile and the number of artificial inseminations needed for pregnancy, there were significant lower serum cholesterol levels in cows pregnant after the fifth artificial insemination (A.I.) than in those pregnant after the first A.I. The cholesterol levels decrease might have been related to hepatic steatosis or liver lesions that interfered on its production and, consequently, on the steroid hormone synthesis as progesterone and estrogens. Low cholesterol levels could have also affected the quality of oocytes for being demonstrated meiosis activating sterols (MAS) presence, a cholesterol precursor, that is essential to meiosis restart for oocyte formation in vivo, and to meiosis progression as well as to maintain oocyte quality and viability in vitro. Therefore, these lipids levels decrease could negatively influence on oocytes viability, yielding lower artificial insemination rates. Pertaining to the relationship between hepatic function and number of artificial insemination needed for pregnancy, β-globulin functions were influenced by the latter, considering that serum β-globulin levels were higher in the group of cows pregnant after the fifth than at the first artificial insemination. In classical clinical pathology literature, serum β-globulin levels increase are reported in animals that have active hepatic disease. These results, however, did not evidence chronic hepatic insufficiency; and the observed alterations on the serum β-globulin levels associated to an enzymatic activity increase of aspartate aminotransferase in cows pregnant after the fourth artificial insemination could indicate an active hepatic disease, that was insufficient to determine significant increases of enzyme levels although it altered β-globulin values

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