Growth, nutritional status and body composition of adolescents swimming athletes / Crescimento, estado nutricional e composição corporal de adolescentes atletas nadadores

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2008

RESUMO

In the last years, the increase of children and young people’s participation in competitive sports have called the attention of many health professionals, since they are exposed to a high load of physical and mental stress. Although practicing activities in such a load can reduce sedentary and the associated diseases, one does not know whether intense physical activities can compromise or enhance the physical growth process of these young people. The aim of this study was to identify the possible alterations in physical growth indexes and body composition among adolescent swimmers. With this aim, 106 elite swimmers of Sao Paulo hinterland (72 boys and 34 girls) with ages between 9 and 19 years were evaluated at beginning and after 32 weeks of study. Anthropometric measures of corporal mass (CM), stature, arm (AC) and leg (LC) circumference, and tricipital skin (TCF), abdominal (AF), to sub scapular (SEF) and calf muscle (CMF) folds were collected. On the basis of this information the body mass index (BMI) and the muscular area (MAA) and fat area (FAA) of the arm were calculated. As indicator of the trunk fat mass (ΣTF) were taken the AF + SEF, and the total values of TCF + CMF, like indicator of for the superior and inferior members total sum fat (ΣSIM). To study the nutritional status were used references values we adopted the curves proposed by NCHS 2000. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics, Student t test for dependent samples and the Kappa index. Results showed a positive effect in the growth indicators, in 5,9% in CM and 3,2% in the stature, among the boys, as well as, 7,9% in CM, 2,6% in the stature and 3,5% in BMI, for the girls. In the beginning of the study, 37,5% of the boys was above the P75 for CM and 36,1% for stature, values that were still larger in the end (39,1% and 38,1% respectively). The girls had inverse behavior: in the beginning, 35,3% were below the P25 for CM and 38,2% for stature, but after the 32 weeks of nutritional attendance, just 21,4% for CM and 25% for stature, they stayed below the P25. When classifying the swimmers in the growth indicators in categories bass, medium and high, it was verified that the agreement was moderated, with little class changes, but for CM and BMI they went of the drop to average, while for the stature, of the average for high. With relationship to the corporal composition, it was observed that the folds: abdominal and tricipital reduced 19% and 18% respectively among the boys, as well as 12,6% ΣTF and 15,8% in FAA (p <0,05), between the beginning and the end of the study. The girls had increases varying from 18,1% to 32% in whole the studied folds, besides they are the only ones they have it increase of 5% in BMI (p<0,004). With relationship to the indicators of muscular mass, the boys had significant increases of 2,9% in AC, 2,4% in LC and 13,6% in MAA. The athletes also presented increases in AC (4,3%) and LC (4,9%), but not in MAA, pointing that those increments in the circumferences happened for increase of the fat pleats. The indicators of adiposity also resulted in increases: 29,2% ΣSIM; 21,5% for ΣTF and 23,5% for FAA in the girls (p <0,05). It was ended that program intense of training they didn t seem to commit the growth, nutritional state in young athletes corporal composition, being stood out, however, that during the whole period of the study, the same ones had accompaniment in your individual nutritional status, consuming diets adapted to its biological and sporting needs, what can have been contributing to the result of certain increasing in the growth and adaptation in your nutritional state and body composition.

ASSUNTO(S)

crescimento composição corporal body composition adolescents physical growth athletes adolescentes atletas

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