Fração orgânica de biossólidos e efeito no estoque de carbono e qualidade da matéria orgânica de um Latossolo cultivado com eucalipto. / Organic fraction of the biosolids and effect on carbon stocks and organic matter quality in an oxisol planted with eucalyptus.

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

The aim of this work was to characterize the organic fraction decomposition process of the biosolids in soil, correlating to initial organic matter (OM) composition of residue. Another objective was quantify, under field conditions, the effect of alkaline biosolid on Oxisol OM, in a site planted with eucalyptus and after five years of the residue application or mineral fertilizers application. The OM decomposition of the biosolids was evaluated using the incubation of soil mixtures and five biosolids, in a rate of 40 t ha-1, with quantification of the CO2 emitted during a period of 70 days. The biosolids were chosen in function of the treatment system of sewage and/or chemical conditioning for biosolid dehydration and/or complementary stage to adequate the residue for agricultural use: BAC - anaerobic biosolid conditioned with lime and ferric chloride and mechanically dehydrated; BAP – anaerobic biosolid conditioned with synthetic polymers mechanically dehydrated; BLP – biosolid originated in stabilization ponds and conditioned with synthetic polymers mechanically dehydrated; CL – sewage sludge compost originated from aerated pile composting of a mixture of BLP, crushed sugar cane and remains of urban pruning. The OM of the biosolids was analyzed regarding the total, organic and inorganic contents of C, N and P; content of water-soluble carbon; oxidizible organic carbon fractions; and contents of soluble sugars, crude protein, lipids, hemicellulose, cellulose, lignin, tannins and phenols. All biosolids had C and N predominance in organic compounds, while the P distribution in organic and inorganic compounds was as a function of the treatment used in the Plants. The decomposition rates of the biosolids, in general, were low and the lowest values were observed for BLP and CL, probably due to higher OM stability of the residues. There was expressive participation of protein pool in all biosolids, with mean values between 25 and 46 % of total OM. The crude protein was the parameter that better correlated with biosolid degradation rate at the end of 70 days of incubation (r = 0.999 e Prob. >t lower than 10-4), being promising its use in order to expect the biosolid OM decomposition after soil application. The study case, on the field, was developed in an area with Eucalyptus grandis planted on March 1998 and fertilized, after four months, with biosolid or mineral fertilizers. The appraised treatments were: (i) Control; (ii) Mineral Fertilization with N, P, K, B and Zn (Mineral Fert.); (iii) 10 t ha-1 of biosolid + K (10 t ha-1); (iv) 20 t ha-1 of biosolid + K (20 t ha-1); and (v) 40 t ha-1 of biosolid + K (40 t ha-1). Soil samples were taken from 0-5, 5-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-60 cm soil depths, on September 2003. Total amounts of C and N and bulk density were determined in all samples. In the samples collected up to 20 cm of depth, were made pH determinations, oxidizible organic carbon fractions, amounts of some organic compounds (soluble sugars, crude protein, lipids, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin), CEC the pH 7,0 and CEC to the natural pH. In general, the results did not show differences in the soil OM, after five years of the biosolid application or mineral fertilizers application. The mean values of C and N stocks up to 60 cm soil depth were the same to 92.86 and 4.41 t ha-1, respectively. About 50% of the total C was in the fraction denominated labile, which is typical of natural systems or managed systems where the return of plant residues to the soil is allowed. From the determined organic compounds, only the lignin content (0-5 cm depth) was different between the treatments, with higher concentrations in the treatments 40 t ha-1 of biosolid and Mineral Fert., probably because the largest depositions of leaves on soil surface in these treatments and the natural slow decay of lignin. The CEC (natural pH) values were more dependent on soil pH, than on the soil C content. Benefits of OM biosolids in soil CEC were not observed.

ASSUNTO(S)

biosolids carbono eucalipto sewage sludge soil chemistry química do solo 6 soil organic matter biossólidos eucalyptus lodo de esgoto solos (qualidade) soil (quality) carbon oxisol latossolos matéria orgânica do solo

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