Fosforitos do Grupo Bambuí na região de Campos Belos (GO)/ Arraias (TO), na borda oeste do Cráton São Francisco

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2009

RESUMO

Sao Bento, Coite 1 and Coite 2 are the three sedimentary phosphate deposits known to date in the Campos Belos (GO) and Arraias (TO) region. They are 3 low volume but high grade deposits, with more than 24% P2O5. The phosphorites and siltites found in that region occur at the bottom of the Sete Lagoas Formation, as part of the Neoproterozoic Bambui Group. The Bambui Group makes part of the eastern portion of the Brasilia Fold Belt (Faixa de Dobramentos Brasilia), and it represents also a large coverage of the Sao Francisco Craton. The Sete Lagoas Formation overlays diamictites of the Jequitai Formation or it rests directly on the granitic basement considered of the Aurumina Suite, of Paleoproterozoic age. In the study area, Sete Lagoas formation is made up of thick packages (~120 metres) of stratified siltites, interlayered with banks of calcitic marl at the bottom, followed by limestones and dolomites towards the top. Phosphate-rich rocks occur inter-fingered with siltites close to the granitic basement. Based on petrographic, mineralogical and chemical studies, four groups of phosphate-rich rocks were defined in Sao Bento, Coite 1 e Coite 2 deposits: phosphate-rich siltite group; stratified primary phosphorite group; phosphorite breccia group; and pedogenic phosphorite group. The phosphate-rich siltite group, which is the most widespread geographically when compared with the other groups, is composed of laminar siltites, with an average grade of 11,49% P2O5. The stratified primary phosphorite group was sub-divided in two sub-groups: the laminated phosphorite sub-group, which is composed of finely laminated phosphorites, with grades of 24,28% P2O5; and the sub-group of layered phosphorite, constituted by fine to medium layers of phosphorite, grading 32% P2O5, in average. The phosphorite breccia group is composed of phosphorite that was re-worked during the sedimentary process and has a higher average grade: 34,13% P2O5. Two sub-groups were defined for the pedogenic phosphorite group: lateritic phosphorite sub-group, which is composed of phosphorites in an advanced stage of weathering, with an average grade of 27,64% P2O5; and the concretionary phosphorite sub-group, which is vii characterized by phosphate concretions within the soil, showing an average grade of 24,82% P2O5. Mineralogically it is supposed that francolite used to be primary apatite, what constituted the phosphate-rich rocks. Weathering was the principal responsible for structural transformation of francolite, allowing that francolite could gradually assume a composition similar to fluorapatite, which constitutes the phosphate-rich rocks. X-ray diffractograms indicate peaks that correspond to fluorapatite, what is corroborated by CaO/P2O5 and F/P2O5 lower than 1,621 e 0,148, respectively (francolite normative values). Rare Earth Elements pattern shows that there were no changes in the sediments source. The phosphatic sedimentation happened under cold climate conditions. Evidences are given by the occurrence of the Jequitai Formation in the region, which is glacial in origin, as well as due to negative values of δ13CPDB and δ18OPDB in dolomites at the top of Sete Lagoas Formation. The depositional environment of the phosphorites in this region is characterized by irregular and discontinuous paleo-channels inserted in granitic basement, in a restricted sedimentary basin context, and under a transgressive regime influence. Landslides on the flanks channels have promoted reworking of sediments, generating sedimentary breccias. The evolution of weathering processes has provoked the lateritization of phosphorites as well as phosphate leaching from these rocks. Occurrences of sedimentary phosphate close to the study area of the northeast of Goias, also considered as part of the Sete Lagoas Formation, were found in Monte Alegre de Goias and Nova Roma municipalities. Other less important occurrences of phosphate-rich rocks, within Serra da Saudade Formation (Bambui Group), were found close to the cities of Formosa and Cabeceiras, both in Goias, and Coromandel in Minas Gerais.

ASSUNTO(S)

cráton são francisco geociencias grupo bambú fosforito

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