Feijão-de-porco [Cnavalia ensiformis (L.) D.C.] cultivado com diferentes fontes de nitrogenio : fixação de N2, fotossintese e crescimento

AUTOR(ES)
DATA DE PUBLICAÇÃO

2004

RESUMO

Several reports point to a negative effect of mineral N on the fonnation and activity of root nodules in legumes that fix the N2 by simbiotic association with rizobia. However, there are few studies establishing a relation between aspects ofthe photosynthesis and the source of N. In this study, an investigation was carried out to verify the influence of the mineral N source on the process of simbiotic N2 fixation and photosynthesis in C. ensiformís plants, as welI as study the interaction of these two important metabolic processes. To fulfill these objectives, several treatments were used, where it varied source ofN (N03 -/NRt) and its time of application was alternated. In spite of the source, the mineral N application at the highest concentration and/or the longest feeding period, led to a higher accumulation oftotal biomass in the C. ensiformís. The plants treated with nitrogen fertilizer at 30 days after transplantation, presented similar total biomass to those grown without N, and totally reliant on biologic nitrogen fixation (BNF). The application of nitrogen fertilizer inhibited the growth of the root nodules and in general nitrate caused a stronger inhibitory effect than the ammonium. Both the source and the concentration of N influenced photosynthetic perfonnance, however, transpiration (E), stomatal conductance (gs), internal CO2 concentration (Cj) and the C;Ca ratio were not strongly affected by the treatments. The highest values of photosynthesis (A) were obtained for the -N, N03- 100/30d treatments and in alI the treatments with NlI/. The supply ofN03-, both at the highest concentration and the longest period offeeding resulted in the lowest values of A. The FIFm ratio and the electron transport rate (ETR) both presented similar trends as did the values of photosynthesis, since the lowest values were obtained in the plants receiving the folIowing N03- treatments: 100/Od, 200/0d and 200/30d. Therefore, the lowest photosynthetic perfonnance presented in the treatments with the highest concentIation and/or exposure to N03- can be attributed to the fact ofthis compound acts as a strong electron drain on the photochemical reactions, which could thereby limit CO2 assimilation. The concentIation of total carotenoids and chlorophylls was higher in the - N treatment and lower in the treatments in with N03. was supplied from transplantation. The chlorophyll aIb ratio did not differ from one treatment to the other. In general, comparing mineral sources ofN, the application ofNH/ led to a higher accumulation ofphotosynthetic pigments than N03 -. The highest total ftee amino acid concentration (AL T) was observed in the xylem sap for plants supplied with NH/ 200/30d and lowest concentrations were observed with the -N, N03- 200/30d and NH/ 100/0d treatments. In all treatments, asparagine (ASN) was the most abundant amino acid in the xylem sap, followed by glutamine (GLN), whose highest concentrations were obtained with the -N and NH4+ 100/30d treatments. In most cases, the treatments with N03- presented the lowest concentrations of this amino acid. The concentration of total ureides (URE) in xylem sap was 5.6 ~ol mL-1 in the -N plants, much higher than the concentration obtained for the other treatments. Thus, it appears that the main products of N transport in xylem sap in C. ensiformis were ureides together with the amides ASN and GLN. Among the plant organs analyzed, the nodules constituted the strongest drain for the carbohydrates, since the lower starch concentrations occurred in the roots and there was little difference in the concentration of total soluble sugars (AST) between roots and leaves. There was no clear pattem of carbohydrates accumulation, considering there was no similar trend among the treatments when the organ and/or the analyzed carbohydrate were compared . The leghaemoglobin concentration (LegHb) in root nodules was higher in the -N plants. Comparing the same source and concentration of N, no difference was found with regard to time of exposure to mineral N. In general, the NH/ caused a stronger inhibitory efIect than the N03-. Nitrogenase (N2ase) activity was inhibited by the-mineral N sources; thus, the highest activity ofthis enzyme was obtained for the -N plants. Comparing the same concentration and the same feeding period, it may be concluded that the two mineral sources ofN (N03-~"1 exerted a similar inhibitory effect on nitrogenase activity. The accumulation of nitrate in the analyzed organs followed the following decreasing order in relation to the treatments: N03- 200/0d, N03- 200/30d, N03- IOO/Od and N03- lOO/30d. Comparing the analyzed organs, the highest content of N03- was observed in nodules and roots. The accumulated total N oscillated around 2% in roots and 8% in nodules yet in these organs there was no significant influence of the treatments on the total N contento In leaves, the NH/ 200/0d treatment presented the highest content oftotal N (5.6%). The lower values were 3.4, for the N03- lOO/Od treatment, and 3.7, obtained for the -N and N03- 200/0d treatments. In relation to the investigated sources ofN, NH/ led to the highest accumulation oftotal N

ASSUNTO(S)

leguminosa adubação verde nitrato amonio

ACESSO AO ARTIGO

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